A

Question 1

Competing Theories of Gender Inequality

Answer 1

Focus on mechanisms of inequality, including social closure and opportunity hoarding ( a group recognizing its opportunities of other groups)

Essentialist theories of gender

Parsons: sex role theory (instrumental vs expressive role in small groups) and gender socialization

The feminist movement and conflict theories of gender

The “doing gender” perspective

Question 2

Occupational Sex Segregation

Example

Answer 2

The unequal distribution of men and women across different occupations
Ex. nurses and teachers seen as female jobs while doctors and lawyers are seen as male jobs.

Question 3

The Motherhood penalty

Answer 3

The lower wages that may accrue to female workers once they become mothers

Question 4

Sexual Harassment

Answer 4

An illegal form of discrimination revolving around sexuality that can involve everything from inappropriate jokes to sexual “barter” (where victims feel the need to comply with sexual requests for fear of losing their job) to outright sexual assault.

Question 5

Glass Ceiling

Answer 5

An invisible limit on women’s climb up the occupational ladder

Question 6

Glass Escalator

Answer 6

The accelerated promotion of men to the top of a work organization, especially in feminized jobs

Question 7

Patriarchy

Answer 7

“A system of social structures and practices in which men dominate, oppress and exploit women”- Sylvia Walby

Question 8

Intersectionality

Answer 8

The idea that it is critical to understand the interplay between social identities such as race, class, gender, ability status, and sexual orientation