A+ 1101 Flashcards
Parts of a laptop
Battery (lithium ion), Keyboard, RAM, HDD/SSD, Wireless card
Laptop RAM sizes
4GB, 8GB, 16GB, 32GB, 64GB, 128GB
RAM channels
Single: One pathway budget/entry laptop, only 1 RAM ascend at a time
Dual: Two pathways ascend simultaneously, laptops and desktops
Triple: additional channel than dual. Ascend simultaneously. older high end systems, intel core IT processors
Quad: highest level memory bandwidth, high end desktop and workstations. video editing/ 3d rendering
Steps of Installing RAM
- Power off and unplug
- Locate RAM
- Align RAM with slot
- Push RAM with slot
Push RAM into slow with 45 degree angle - Click into place
- Close and secure
- Plug in and power on
Parts of the motherboard
CPU socket, PCI Express video card slots, PCI slot, Floppy drive, IDE connections, CMOS Battery (keeps time), SATA DDR DIMM
ATX, Micro ATX, and Mini-ATX
ATX: 12x9 in., 7 expansion slots, mid-to-full sized desktops
Micro: 9.6x9.6 in., 4 expansion slots, mid-to-full sized desktops
Mini: 6.7x6.7 in., 7 expansion slots, small form factor systems
PCI & PCIe
PCI: connects expansions cards
PCIe: offers higher data transfer rates
Sata & eSata
Sata: Connects storage to motherboard
eSata: Connects EXTERNAL storage devices
Headers & M.2
Headers: pin connecting peripherals
M.2: small and versatile connector
Abbreviations for PCI, PCIe, SATA, and
eSATA
PCI: Peripheral component interconnect
PCIe: PCI express
SATA: Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
eSATA: External SATA
Multi socket motherboard
Supports multiple CPUs on a single motherboard. High end workstations or servers systems that require significant processing power. (compatibility comes down to supporting # of CPUs)
BIOS
Traditional, Initializes during boot up.
Basic functions.
6-bit mode.
GUI functionality
Secure boot
Only trusted and digitally signed software is leaded during boot
CPU architecture
X64/X86: supports 64 bit computing, larger memory, increased computation capabilities.
ARM: Advanced Rise Machine- mobile/watch, lower power.
Multiprocessors: SMP, allows multiple CPUs that share a common operating system and memory.
Single core: single processing unit/core.
Multicore: multiple processing units/ cores.
TPM
(Trusted platform module)
hardware based security chip
Secure foundation
Protects and stores data
Bitlocker needs TPM chip
Integrated into computer system
HSM
HSM = Hardware Security Module
Physical device
Encryption/Decryption
Ensure confidentiality and integrity
Expansion card
Standalone devices that can be connected externally
Expansion cards
Sound cards
video cards
capture card: record or capture audio and video
NIC
Cooling
Active/Passive cooling the CPU
-Fans (active)
-Liquid cooling (active)
-Heat sink (Passive): device that transfers heat away from cpu or graphics card
- Thermal paste/ pads
Form factor
Size and shape of a power supply unit.
most common for factor is ATX
Industry standard
Available in different wattage
110-120 VAC VS. 220-240 VAC
110-120 VAC: Standard, US & Canada, Lower voltage: needs higher currents
220-240 VAC: Higher efficiency, Europe and elsewhere, Wasteless and generates less heat
Output fundamentals
3.3V: Lower voltage & power, old CPUs, RAM modules
5V: Most common, Basic power, OLD HDDs, Input devices
12V: Higher power, Newer CPUs, Graphic cards, HDD
Cables/ power supply
Main power: P1 (20 pin/24pin/20+4pin), power motherboard.
Aux or CPU: 4 pin or 8 pin - power CPU.
Molex: 4 pin- power hardrive and optical drivers.
Sata: 7 pin for data - power dardrive and optical drivers
Bery: 4 pin - old school floppy drive power.
PCI/PCIe: 6 pin/8 pin/6+2 pin- adapter card power
Redundancy and modularization
Modular: Cable management, reduce cable clutter.
Overcurrent protection (OCP): Safety Measures, Monitors current.
Redundant: Multiple power supply, backup power, In servers, second in passive mode.
Battery backup: Ups (Uninterpreted power supply), safegaurds against over current, Doesn’t have a fixed amount of lives
The 3 power ratings
Low: 300w-500w basic systems.
Medium: 500w-750w mid-range systems.
High: 750w-1000w high performance systems
RAM Types
Virtual RAM, SODIMM, DDR, DDR3, DDR4, DDR5, UDIMM, ECC RAM, ATX, miniATX
DDR, DDR3, DDR4, & DDR5
DDR (memory transfers twice as fast)
DDR3 (voltage of 1.5V twice as fast)
DDR4 (Lower voltages (1.2V) faster, less voltage),
DDR5 (On-dire error correction capability, 1.1V)
SODIMM VS. UDIMMM
SODIMM: (mini pPCs & small desktop), UDIMM: Opens RAM: faster access, cheaper, unreliable
Virtual Ram & ECC Ram
Virtual RAM: used as an extension of physical RAM,
ECC RAM: used in mission crirical systems
