A+101 module 3

Question 1

The 6 Storage devices

Answer 1

HDD (hard disk drive): uses spinning magnetic disks to store data.
SDD (solid state drive): uses Flash memory chip to store data
optical drives: rends and writes data using laser technology
External hard drive: main circuit board
NAS: uses a dedicated device or server
SAN: provides block-level access to storage

Question 2

HDD parts

Answer 2

Spindle: smallest unit of storage on a HDD
Sector: Smallest unit of storage on an HDD
Cluster: minimum addressable unit for file systems
Track: concentric circle on the surface of a platter
Cylinder: collection of tracks aligned across multiple platters

Question 3

HDD speeds

Answer 3

5400 RPM: standard for laptop and entry desktop hard drives.
7200 RPM: mid/high end desktops. improved read/write speeds, and faster data access.
10,000 RPM: high performance desktops or server environment Fast spinning platters.
15,000 RPM: enterprise level storage solutions fastest data access times.

Question 4

HDD sizes

Answer 4

2.5 inch: for laptops and small desktops
3.5 inch: for desktops

Question 5

Partition table

Answer 5

Determines how the hard drive is divided.
MBR & GPT: master boot record and GUID partition table.
MBR: only 2 terabytes, old, 4 primary partitions, 3 prime and 1 extended, 23 partitions - file storage not boot processes.
Basic/dynamic

Question 6

File systems

Answer 6

Determines how data is organized, accessed, and protected.
ReFs, NTFs, Fat32, ExFAT: FAT32 - usb flash drives. Exfat - SD cards. both removable media

Question 7

Solid state drives

Answer 7

NVMe (non volatile memory): high peformance, low latency.
SATA (Serial ATA): Interface for connecting SSDs and HDDs to motherboard
PCIe (peripheral Component Interconnect Express): high-speed input/output bus utilized for connecting various devices.
Form factors: M.2, mSATA

Question 8

Drive configurations

Answer 8

Refers to managing multiple storage drives to achieve desired performance, redundancy and capacity.

Question 9

What are the RAIDs

Answer 9

Raid 0: aka stripping at least 2 devices, splitting the info evenly into the drives
Raid 1: Mirroring, at least 2 drives, 50 % overhead, copying info into different drives.
Raid 5 Stripping with parity, 3 drives minimum.
Raid 6: Stripped with double parity 4 drives needed.
Raid 10: hybrid, at least 4 drives. Strips then mirror, 50 overhead, faster than raid 1.

Question 10

Removable storage

Answer 10

Flash drives: portable storage devices.
memory cards: compact storage
optical drives: Cds - 700 mb, DVD - 4.2 Gb single layer/8.5 dual layer, Blueray - 25 Gb

Question 11

Copper cables

Answer 11

Ethernet cables for network.
Types: STP (sheilded twisted pair), Direct burial, and UTP (unsheilded twisted pair)

Question 12

Copper cable categories

Answer 12

Cat 5 - up to 100 mbps, 100 meters.
Cat 5e - up to 1 Gbps, 100 meters.
Cat 6 - up to 10 Gbps at 55 meters, up to 1 Gbps at 100 meters.
Cat 6a - up to 10 Gbps, 55 meters
Cat 7 - up to 10 Gbps, 100 meters
Cat 8 up to 40 Gbps, 30 meters, normally in a data center.

Question 13

Attenuation

Answer 13

loss of signal, Occurs over distances greater than what media is rated for

Question 14

Copper cable termination standards

Answer 14

568A and 568B widely used for twisted air Ethernet cables
568A Always starts off with Green pair (Green Alligator)
568B Always starts off with Orange pair (Orange Basketball)

Question 15

Straight through vs Crossover vs Rollover cables

Answer 15

Straight through: connects unlike devices, same pinout on both ends. Ex switch to router
Crossover: have both pinouts (A&B on each end) connects like devices). EX/ switch to switch
Rollover: (console cable) usb cables

Question 16

Fiber cables

Answer 16

Use thin strands of glass or plastic to transmit data uses laser or LED to transmit signal

Question 17

2 types of fiber cables

Answer 17

Single mode: SMF, used for longer runs.
Multi mode: MMF. generally used for shorter runs

Question 18

Plenum cables

Answer 18

Cables used for going in the ceiling in buildings.
higher fire retardant rating and low smoke characteristics

Question 19

Riser cables

Answer 19

Cables used to go vertically to connect multiple floors in buildings.
Fire resistant properties.
high data transfer rates.
marked with CMR

Question 20

Device and storage cabling (USBs)

Answer 20

USB 2.0: Type A, standard 480 mbps
usb 3.0: speed is faster, more features, 5Gbps
thunderbolt: apple, like usb type c
micro usb: mobile devices, tablets
mini usb: smaller than micro, most versatile.
USB type C: latest version, most versatile.

Question 21

USB-A, USB-B, USB-C

Answer 21

USB-A: common usb cable
USB-B: printer connector, square vs. rectangle
USB-C: new standard, standard in EU, video, audio, data, and power

Question 22

Display port cable

Answer 22

Found in computers, laptops, and monitors. Video and audio, 20 pins

Question 23

DVI cable

Answer 23

Digital visual interface.
used to connect to monitors and projectors.
DVI-A (analog), DVI-D (digital), DVI-I

Question 24

HDMI cable

Answer 24

High-definition multimedia interface.
for high-definition and audio transmision

Question 25

VGA cable

Answer 25

Video graphics array.
15 pins, legacy analog video cables

Question 26

Storage

Answer 26

SATA: offers high speed transfer rates
SCSI: connects enterprise - level storage devices. Large storage/ infrastructure, servers.
eSATA: designed for external storage devices.
IDE: used in older computer systems
EIDE: used to connect internal storage devices, non keyed connections
PS/2 connectors: used to connect peripheral devices
Front panel connectors: provide easy access to commonly used ports and functions

Question 27

What do Adapters do and some types

Answer 27

They allow connection/ compatibility between two types of connectors, ports or interfaces
Ex.
USB to Ethernet - laptops
VGA to DVI - video cables
Thunderbolt to HDMI
Dongle: for apple products

Question 28

Fiber connectors

Answer 28

Lucent connector (LC): little connector
Strait Tip (ST): Dated cable, push and twist to connect.
Subscriber connector (SC): has a locking mechanism, common

Question 29

Copper connector

Answer 29

RJ11: telephone, POTS (plain old telephone system)
Registered jack (RJ):CAT cable
BNC: COAX cable, broadband (cable/internet)

Question 30

F type connector

Answer 30

Coaxial cable connections, cable TV (CATV), Screw on, old telephone

Question 31

Punchdown block connector

Answer 31

Telecommunication and networking, 110 (CAT5), 66, chrome, bix

Question 32

Molex, Lightning, and DB9 connectors

Answer 32

Molex: supplying-power to components
Lightning port: apple version of USB-C
DB9: serial connection connects to switch

Question 33

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Answer 33

Twisted film technology (TFT)
IPS (in-Plane switching): crystals rotate, wide viewing angles
TP (Twisted Plane): Narrow viewing angle, crystal twist and untwist coldest - cheap
VA (vertical alignment): Crystals tilt, wide color range, provide best contract ratio.

Question 34

Organic light-emitted diode (OLED)

Answer 34

Uses organic compounds that emit light.
Allows for thinner and light devices designs and more flexible in display shapes

Question 35

Display type considerations

Answer 35

Pixels: more = more defined image
Bit color
Frame rate (FPS)
Resolution
Refresh rate
Luminance (nits)
Contrast
Aspect ratio