Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science and Technology > 9.Stem Cell and Cloning (Part-2) > Flashcards

9.Stem Cell and Cloning (Part-2) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the definition of Totipotent Stem Cells?

A

Totipotent stem cells have the ability to be converted into any type of cell in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the definition of Pluripotent Stem Cells?

A

Pluripotent stem cells convert into the majority of cells in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the definition of Multipotent Stem Cells?

A

Multipotent stem cells have the capacity to be converted into a good number of cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the definition of Oligopotent Stem Cells?

A

Oligopotent stem cells can be converted into a few cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the definition of Unipotent Stem Cells?

A

Unipotent stem cells are converted into single cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the order of stem cells based on capacity?

A

The capacity of stem cells decreases from Totipotent stem cells to Unipotent stem cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the order of stem cells based on specialization?

A

The specialization of stem cells increases from Totipotent to Unipotent stem cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the definition of Embryonic Stem Cells?

A

Embryonic stem cells are found in the embryonic stage inside the mother’s womb and include Totipotent and Pluripotent stem cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the definition of Adult Stem Cells?

A

Adult stem cells are found in the adult human body and include Multipotent, Oligopotent, and Unipotent stem cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the characteristics of Totipotent Stem Cells?

A

~Totipotent stem cells can divide into any type of cells in the body.
~They are present in the early embryonic stage (1 week old).
~Totipotent stem cells are banned globally due to ethical and legal issues.
~For medical research, Totipotent stem cells can be obtained from embryos developed in the lab by IVF (In Vitro Fertilization).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the definition of Pluripotent Stem Cells?

A

Pluripotent stem cells are formed by the division of Totipotent stem cells and have the ability to give rise to the majority of cells and tissues in the body through division.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why are Pluripotent Stem Cells considered medically important?

A

Pluripotent stem cells are the most important stem cells for medical applications, such as stem cell therapy and treatment.Pluripotent stem cells are the most important stem cells for medical applications, such as stem cell therapy and treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Can a baby’s stem cells be used in blood relations other than the baby itself?

A

Yes, in some cases the stem cells of a baby can be used in blood relations such as parents and siblings, after matching the blood group and HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the different stages from which Pluripotent Stem Cells can be retrieved from the human body?

A

~Later embryonic stage (After 1 week): Retrieval from this stage is banned due to the potential harm it can cause to the womb.
~Miscarriage (within 12 weeks): Pluripotent stem cells can be retrieved from miscarriages for research purposes.
~Umbilical cord blood of the baby: Pluripotent stem cells can be retrieved from the umbilical cord blood and are used in stem cell therapy and treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How long can Pluripotent Stem Cells from umbilical cord blood be stored?

A

Pluripotent stem cells from umbilical cord blood can be stored for up to two decades.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are Pluripotent Stem Cells from umbilical cord blood preserved?

A

~The stem cells of umbilical cord blood are preserved in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of -196 degrees Celsius.
~This preservation process is known as cryopreservation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are companies that offer the service of cryopreservation known as?

A

Companies that offer the service of cryopreservation for stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells, are known as stem cell banks.

18
Q

What is stem cell therapy?

A

Stem cell therapy, also known as regenerative medicine, is a medical treatment that uses stem cells or their derivatives to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional, or injured tissue.

19
Q

What is the medical use of stem cells for the treatment of diseases called?

A

Stem cell therapy.

20
Q

What are some applications of stem cell therapy?

A

*Treating Blood Related Diseases
*Healing Damaged Tissue
*Treating Blindness
*Treating Diabetes
*Development of New Organs
*Treatment of Spinal Injury, Liver Disease, Bone, and Cartilage Diseases
*Treatment of Baldness and Tooth Generation

21
Q

What is blood cancer?

A

Blood cancer is defined as the uncontrolled division of blood cells.

22
Q

What is anemia?

A

Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin content in the blood.

23
Q

What is thalassemia?

A

Thalassemia is a condition where red blood cell (RBC) and blood formation are impaired.

24
Q

What can stem cells help with in the healing process?

A

Stem cells can help in the healing of damaged tissue due to wounds or burns.

25
Q

What parts of the eye can be reconstructed with the help of stem cells to treat blindness?

A

The retina and cornea can be reconstructed using stem cells to treat blindness.

26
Q

What type of diabetes can be treated with stem cells?

A

Type-1 diabetes, which is a condition characterized by a total lack of insulin, can be treated with stem cells.

27
Q

What is induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell)?

A

Induced pluripotent stem cells are normal adult cells that have been reprogrammed in the lab to become pluripotent stem cells.

28
Q

When did Shinya Yamanaka develop the technology for induced pluripotent stem cells?

A

Shinya Yamanaka developed the technology for induced pluripotent stem cells in 2007.

29
Q

What does “induced” signify in induced pluripotent stem cells?

A

“Induced” means that these stem cells are made in the lab by reprogramming normal adult cells, such as skin or blood cells, to become stem cells.

30
Q

What recognition did Shinya Yamanaka receive for his work on induced pluripotent stem cells?

A

Shinya Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2012 for his achievement in developing induced pluripotent stem cells.

31
Q

When did stem cell research begin in India?

A

Stem cell research in India began in 2002.

32
Q

Who used stem cell micro injection for the treatment of heart disease in 2002?

A

Dr. Venugopal from AIIMS Delhi used stem cell micro injection for the treatment of heart disease.

33
Q

Where was the first embryonic stem cell bank established in India?

A

The first embryonic stem cell bank was established in AIIMS Delhi in 2002.

34
Q

Where was the Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research established in 2005?

A

The Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research was established in CCMB (Center for Cell and Molecular Biology) Hyderabad.

35
Q

When did the Government of India introduce a new Stem Cell Policy?

A

The Government of India rolled out a new Stem Cell Policy in 2007.

36
Q

In 2014, which organizations provided guidelines to regulate and control stem cell treatment and experiments in India?

A

The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) provided guidelines in 2014.

37
Q

According to the guidelines introduced in 2014, what is considered as stem cell treatment?

A

According to the guidelines, only blood-related treatment and tissue healing treatment using stem cells are considered as stem cell treatment.

38
Q

What is the role of the Department of Biotechnology and the Indian Council of Medical Research in stem cell research in India?

A

The Department of Biotechnology and the Indian Council of Medical Research control and provide guidelines for stem cell banking and stem cell therapy in India.

39
Q

What is the current status of stem cell banking and therapy in India?

A

Stem cell banking and therapy are gaining popularity in India, and many research centers are involved in stem cell research.

40
Q

What is the current status of stem cell banking and therapy in India?

A

Stem cell banking and therapy are gaining popularity in India, and many research centers are involved in stem cell research.

41
Q

Which organizations in India are responsible for providing guidelines related to stem cells?

A

The Department of Biotechnology and the Indian Council of Medical Research are responsible for providing guidelines related to stem cells in India.

Science and Technology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions