SC11 - Obtaining and Using Metals ✓ Flashcards

1
Q

SC11a - List the resctivity series [with a way to remember it]

A
  • Pop Potassium
  • Stars Sodium
  • Can Calcium
  • Make Magnesium
  • Absolute Aluminium
  • Crazy (Carbon)
  • Zillions Zinc
  • If Iron
  • Tiny Tin
  • Little Lead
  • Children Copper
  • Spend Silver
  • Good Gold
  • Pennies Platinum
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2
Q

SC11a - How do potassium, calcium and sodium react with water and dilute acids?

A
  • Reacts with cold water to from hydrogen and metal hydroxide
  • Reacts violently with acid
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3
Q

SC11a - How do magnesium, aluminium, zinc and iron react with water and dilute acids?

A
  • Reacts very slowly if at all when with cold water
  • But reacts with steam to form metal oxide and hydrogen
  • Reacts with acid to form hydrogen and salt solution
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4
Q

SC11a - How do copper, silver, gold and platinum react with water and dilute acids?

A

They don’t as they are inert in their pure form.

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5
Q

SC11a - What is a displacement reaction?

A
  • A reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from a compound.
  • e.g. Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu
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6
Q

SC11a - A displacement reaction is also another type of reaction. What is this and how can you show this?

A

A redox reaction as the charge on the metals switch around. e.g. in Zn + CuSO4 -> ZnSO4 + Cu the ionic euation shows that Zn + Cu2+ -> Zn2+ + Cu

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7
Q

SC11b - What are the three ways you can extract metals and how do these relate to their position on the reactivity series?

A
  • Found uncombined in the earth’s crust.
    • This applies to elements gold and lower in the reactivity series
  • Extacted by heating an ore with carbon.
    • This is for elements less reactive than carbon or else carbon can’t displace it
  • Electrolysis of molten compound.
    • This is very expensive so only used for aluminium and upwards as they cannot be ehated with carbon to be extracted
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8
Q

SC11b - What is an ore?

A

A rock that contains enough of a metal to extract it for a profit.

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9
Q

SC11b - What are the two biological methods of extraction?

A
  • Phytoextraction:
    • Growing plants on lands that contain the desired matal so that they absorb it.
    • These are then burned and the metal is obtained fromt their ashes
  • Bioleaching:
    • Bacteria is grown on low-grade(uneconomical) ore.
    • This forms a leachate (solution containing the desired metal compound)
    • The copper is extracted by displacing it with scrap iron.
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10
Q

SC11b - What are the advantages and disadvantages of using bioleaching?

A

Pros:

  • No harmful gases produced
  • Less landscape damage than mining
  • Conserves supplies of high grade ores
  • Doesn’t require high temeratures

Cons:

  • Very slow
  • Toxic substances can be produced which damage the environment
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11
Q

SC11b - What are the advantages and disadvantages of using phytoextraction?

A

Pros:

  • No harmful gases produced
  • Less landscape damage than mining
  • Conserves supplies of high grade ores
  • Can extract minerals from contaminated soils

Cons:

  • Very slow
  • More expensive than mining some ores
  • Plant growth is dependant on weather conditions
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12
Q

SC11c - What are oxidation, reduction and redox reactions in terms of oxygen?

A
  • Oxidation is the gain of oxygen
  • Reduction is the loss of oxygen
  • A redox reaction is a reaction in which a substance is oxidised and another is reduced
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13
Q

SC11c - What is corrosion?

A

When a metal reacts with oxygen (oxidises) making it weaker over time

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14
Q

SC11c - How is rusting different to corrosion?

A

Rusting occurs when iron/steel reacts with oxygen and water.

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15
Q

SC11c - Why don’t some metals such as aluminium corrode very quickly, despite being very reactive?

A

They form a protective layer of tarnish stopping any further corrosion

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16
Q

SC11d - What are the advantages of recylcing metals?

A
  • Natural resources of ores will last longer
  • Less need to mine and harmful side effects from this
  • Less pollution from extraction
  • For many metals this takes less energy
  • Less waste metals at landfill sites
17
Q

SC11d - What are the disadvantages of recycling metals?

A
  • Costs of energy is high to collect, transport and sort are high
  • Sometimes it is more expensive to recycle metals than to extract more
18
Q

SC11d - What is a life cycle assessment and what are its uses?

A

A life cycle assessment is an assessment to work out the environmental impact of the obtaining, manufacturing, use and disposal of a product.

It can be used to work out:

  • Which materials are better to use for manufacturing
  • Whether its more beneficial to recycle or not