9.3 Flashcards
These describe what?
Controls skeletal muscle
Conscious, voluntary control
Motor pathway: one neuron from CNS to effector
Include sensory neurons (from skin, skeletal muscles, and special sense organs)
All release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
The axon of a single somatic motor neuron extends from CNS all the way to skeletal muscle fibers
Somatic Nervous System
The somatic sensory pathway has how many neurons?
3
Where are the 3 neurons in the Somatic Sensory Pathway?
- Cell body 1: Dorsal root ganglion
- Cell body 2: spinal cord or brain stem
- Cell body 3: in the thalamus to cerebral cortex
What pathway senses touch, pressure, vibration, and conscious proprioception?
Posterior column medial lemniscus pathway
What pathway senses light touch sensation and deep pressure sensation?
Anterior spinothalamic tract
What pathway senses pain sensation and temperature sensation?
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Where do the 4 Somatic Motor Pathway signals come from?
- Upper motor neurons via corticospinal tracts
- Basal ganglia help with muscle tone
- Cerebellum coordination
- Sensory neurons or interneurons via reflexes
Impulses activate lower motor neurons located in
anterior gray of the spinal cord
Upper motor neurons originate in the ________ and travel through the ___________.
primary motor cortex
Corticospinal tract
Lower motor neurons exit the spine via the _________ to the muscle for movement.
(anterior) ventral root
The Autonomic Nervous System has how many neurons?
2
What is the autonomic nervous system regulated by?
Hypothalamus and brain stem
What controls viscera, such as smooth and cardiac muscle, and sweat and digestive glands?
Autonomic Nervous System
What are the 2 divisions of the ANS?
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
What are the 2 motor neurons released by the ANS?
pre-ganglion
post-ganglion
What 2 neurotransmitters are released by the ANS?
Acetylcholine or norepinephrine
Which motor neuron moves from CNS to neuron in autonomic ganglion?
Preganglionic neuron
Which motor neuron moves from cell body in ganglion to effector?
Post ganglionic neuron
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located where?
Lateral gray horn
T1-L2
The Sympathetic division releases what neurotransmitters?
epinephrine
norepinephrine
Parasympathetic nerves are tested in what cranial nerves?
3, 7, 9, 10
Parasympathetic preganglionic axons emerge from the?
CNS
Vagus nerves carries what % of all parasympathetic nerve impulses.
80%
These are examples of Sympathetic/Parasympathetic?
- Increase heart rate and blood pressure (BP)
- Dilate pupils
- Dilate airways
- Dilate vessels to skeletal muscles, heart, liver and adipose tissue
- Constrict blood vessels to nonessential organs: skin, GI tract, kidneys
- Mobilize nutrients for energy: glucose and fats
Sympathetic Effects
What are Parasympathetic Effects?
- S alivation
- L acrimation
- U rination
- D igestion
- D efecation
