10.1 Flashcards
The spinal cord is protected by what 3 things?
- vertebral column
- meninges
- CSF
What are the 3 layers of meninges covering the spinal cord and brain?
- dura mater
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
Where does the spinal cord start and end?
the medulla oblongata to L2
What serve as points of origin for the nerves to the limbs?
cervical and lumbar enlargements
What are the roots of the nerves arising from the lumber, sacral, and coccygeal regions of the cord called?
cauda equina
Spinal nerves are attached to the spinal cord by what root?
- posterior root
- anterior root
What nerves contain both sensory and motor axons?
spinal nerves
Gray matter is divided into
horns
White matter is divided into?
columns
Parts of the spinal cord include:
- Central canal
- Anterior, posterior, lateral gray horn
- Anterior, posterior, lateral white columns
- Sensory tracts
- Motor tracts
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
Name all the pairs of cranial nerves:
- 8 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
- 5 sacral
- 1 coccygeal
Branches of spinal nerves form networks called?
Plexuses
What nerves are called intercostal nerves?
T2-T11
What are the 4 major plexuses?
- cervical
- brachial
- lumbar
- sacral
What serves as a highway for nerve impulse conduction?
White matter
What receives and integrates incoming and outgoing information and is a site for reflexes?
Gray matter
What is a fast, involuntary action that occurs in response to a stimulus?
reflex
What are the 5 basic components of a reflex arc?
- Receptor
- Sensory neuron
- Integrating center
- Motor neuron
- Effector
What are the 4 major parts of the brain?
- Brain stem
- Diencephalon
- Cerebellum
- Cerebrum
What can a glucose deficiency of the brain produce?
dizziness, convulsions, and unconsciousness
What is the purpose of the blood brain barrier?
Limits the passage of certain materials from the blood to the brain
The brain is protected by what 3 things?
- Cranial bones
- Meninges
- CSF
Where is CSF formed?
choroid plexuses
Where does CSF circulate through?
- Subarachnoid space
- Central Canal
What 3 things does CSF do?
- shock absorber
- delivers nutrients
- removes waste
The brain stem consists of what 3 things?
- Medulla oblongata
- Pons
- Midbrain
What is responsible for:
regulating heart rate
diameter of blood vessels
breathing
swallowing
coughing
vomiting
sneezing
hiccupping
Medulla Oblongata
What is responsible for:
relaying impulses for voluntary skeletal movements from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum
Pons
What conveys motor impulses, sends sensory impulses, and mediates auditory and visual reflexes
The midbrain
What is a netlike arrangement of gray and white matter extending throughout the brainstem that alerts the cerebral cortex to incoming sensory signals and helps regulate muscle tone?
Reticular formation
The Diencephalon consists of what 3 things?
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Pineal gland
What is the largest part of the brain?
Cerebrum
What are the 4 cerebral lobes?
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
Are spinal nerves part of the PNS or CNS?
PNS
