9.2 Flashcards
Where did the person who killed darius flee
Bessus retread to his province of Bactria
(approximately modern Afghanistan), where he
adopted a guerrilla strategy taking advantage of
the rugged and mountainous terrain. He was
finally captured and executed as a traitor.
* Alexander continued his march to the frontiers
of the former Achaemenid empire to take
possession of all its territories.
What was teh Indian campaign
what city surrered and what terortiy did alexander plan to take
The last territory of which Alexander planned to
take possession was the Indus river valley. The
area had been only loosely under Achaemenid
control and there were several small states. One
of them, the city of Taxila, accepted Alexander’s
sovereignty, while the others offered stubborn
resistance
Battle of the indina campaign who was the ruler alexander was fight and where did the battle take place
The army of the ruler Porus, with a large number of
elephants, blocked the advance of the Macedonians at
the crossing of the river Hydaspes (modern Jhelum), a
tributary of the Indus. The battle was hard fought but
Porus finally surrendered and was allowed to retain his
power as a vassal king
What happened after indian campaign
Alexander may have planned
to continue his offensive, but
his army was exhausted
and refused to continue.
* The mutiny forced Alexander
to turn south, fighting his
way to the coast and then
back to Babylon. The Indus
river basin was established
as the easternmost limit of
the empire, with foundation
of cities and altars to mark
the frontier
What was alexander offical objectives when he started his expedition:
as the campagin contuned what role did he assume and what did he do culturually / poltiically to unfiy the empire
Alexander started his expedition with the official objectives of
avenging the Persian invasion of 480 BCE and freeing the
Eastern Greeks.
As the campaign continued, he assumed the role of legitimate heir of Darius. As such, he
nherited and accepted many of the institutions of the Achaemenid empire, including the traditional image of the king’s authority and related Ceremonies – among them prostration, which caused great outrage.
Alexader and Persia, what did he do two main things to show appreciation
Marriage and new units
Alexander made gestures to signal his
appreciation for the Persian tradition
and willingness to integrate Persians and
Greco-Macedonians:
* Members of the Persian upper class
were left in positions of authority.
* Marriages were arranged between
Macedonians and Persian elite women.
Alexander himself married Persian
princesses.
* Persian soldiers with Macedonian-style
weapons formed new units of the army.
These decisions, however, were more
formal than substantial: the political and
military role of the Persians was only
nominal
The policy of alexander how did his people react
he policy of Alexander caused
opposition among the
Macedonians. There were
conspiracies against his life
The Persians and the other
inhabitants of the empire were
probably skeptical of the gestures
of the kings since they were not
followed up by real sharing of
power
what is the historical period called when alexander died and explaij ore
The “Hellenistic Period” is he historical period between the death
of Alexander and the end of the last
kingdom founded by his successors,
that of Egypt.
The term refers to the blend of Greek
culture with the local cultures and
traditions of Egypt and the Near East
After alexander died who ruler ehypt, macedon and the vast terieiroies from te meditiator to eh persian gulf
All of them failed, and separate kingdoms were
established in Egypt, ruled by the Ptolemies,
Macedon, by the Antigonids, and the vast
territory from the Mediterranean to the Persian
Gulf, under the Seleukids.
After alexander conquered persia how was hte oppositon between greeks and barbarians and what mattered more
the
opposition between Greeks and Barbarians
became less relevan
he difference between Greeks and non-Greeks was
primarily understood as a cultural one. It was
possible for anybody to adopt it regardless of the
ethnic background, adding a Greek persona to the
many layers of identity one could displa
Class divisions mattered much more than
‘ethnicity.’
Warfare in hellsinitc kingdom
Victory at war was
the origin of their power and
legitimacy. The kings ruled by
right of conquest and ability
to lead armies to victory was
their most important quality.
* In the Hellenistic period
warfare was practically
permanent in one form or the
other.
In the kindom of egypt since it did not include many greek communities that cold provide soliders trained as heavy infantry and calavry what did the leader do?
he kingdom of Egypt, ruled by the house of Ptolemy,
did not include many Greek communities which could
provide soldiers trained as heavy infantry and cavalry.
* A system was designed that encouraged permanent
immigration of professional soldiers: soldiers received
a plot of land (kleros) and became kleruchs.
Possession of the kleros was permanent and
hereditary, as long as the owner served in the royal
army.
* Local Egyptians also served in the royal army in ever
increasing numbers and could receive plots of land as
kleruchs
Not all soldiers of the Ptolemaic army were kleruchs: in
case of need mercenaries were hired for a shorter
term and received a salary, but not a plot of land.
