10.2 Flashcards
What were the roman legionaires who conquered Italy?
The Roman legionaries who conquered Italy were not
professional soldiers. Their weapons proficiency and
tactical skill was relatively limited
The manipular formation accommodated these militia features: the system allowed for the natural fragmentation of battle-lines into small handfuls of men and turned it into an asset.
What were the gerneals of th eroman army called and how many
occasionally other __ could command army; of the ___ of the roman republic only the (___) could led troops
the command in cheif has a staff of__ and how many for each legion
below the senior officers wer eht __ with their ___
the congitnets of allies were commanded by the ___ appoitned by the consuls
he two Consuls were the generals of the Roman
army, but occasionally other magistrates could
command armies; of the magistrates of the Roman
Republic, only the “magistrates with imperium” (=
authority to command and compel obedience, and to
punish those who do not obey) could lead troops
* The commander in chief had a staff of military
tribunes (24 in Polybius’ times, 6 for each legion)
* The consul with the assistance of the tribunes raised
the army choosing from the citizens fit for service
* Below the senior officers were the centurions with
their optiones.
* The contingents of allies were commanded by the
“Praefecti sociorum” appointed by the Consuls
Who was pyrrhus and what was unique about him?
Pyrrhus was very different from the enemies faced by Rome in central Italy. He was a Hellenistic king famous for his tactical skills, with an army of professionals and the most advanced weaponry, among which elephants, never seen before in Italy.
Pyrrhus was cllaed by the greek polis of __
The adventure of Pyrrhus
- Pyrrhus was called by the Greek polis of Taras in SE Italy, which was at war with Rome.
- Pyrrhus defeated the Romans in the first battle and marched towards Rome, threatening the city. * The Romans raised new armies, with substantial contribution from the allies. The next battle was a costly victory for Pyrrhus, who decided to change objective and try to conquer Sicily.
- When Pyrrhus returned to Italy he was clearly defeated. Soon after he decided to return to Greece and try to take the throne of Macedon, leaving Taras alone with no hope of success.
what was important about the first punic war
264-241 BC First Punic War. Roman intervention in Sicily probably started with limited goals, but soon became a large-scale conflict with Carthage, which controlled a large part of the island
Rome becomes a midterranean power
The north african territories ere inhbited by two main groups, the decisition of __ and ___
The carthaginian were called __ by the romamns
were the two groups sepreated or not?
and what the culture
The North African territories were inhabited by two main groups, the descendants of the ancient Phoenician settlers and the indigenous Libyans. The Carthaginians were called Poeni (=”Phoenicians”) by the Romans
- The two groups were not strictly separated. Phoenician and Libyan are different languages, but the population of North Africa used a blend of Phoenician and Libyan culture combined with influences from the Hellenistic world, Italy and other areas
What did carthage control what area?
Carthage controlled vast territories in the Western
Mediterranean:
not only the North African coast, but also Southern Spain, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, a large part of Sicily and other islands
Carthage imposed rather heavy contriubtions (triubte and troops) on the subject libyans
of the main tribes of libyan culture, the Numidians were an indepdenat political entity. Numidian Cavalry was excellent and served as mercenary troops in teh army of Carthage
Desribe the army of carthage and who supplied teh navy vs merciaines and troops
how were generals elected
Carthaginian citizens were numerous in the navy, but the land forces were mostly mercenaries and troops supplied by the African subjects of Carthage, with Carthaginian senior officers and generals. * Generals were elected from members of the Carthaginian elite class. In the 3 rd c. BCE generals had great personal power and autonomy.
What did the war force rome to become?
The war forced Rome to become a great naval
power. The decisive engagements were naval
battles and the victorious generals celebrated in
Rome with victory monuments adorned of rams of
enemy ships.
The roman victory of the first puic was caused the occuption of:
and what did the occupied become and what were they subject to
Roman victory caused the occupation not only of
Sicily but also of Sardinia and Corsica
after the end of the first punic war, carthage recoevered and expanded its infleunce in ___ ___
and who was the carthaginina gerneal who indiavded italy from spain and what was his plan
After the end of the First Punic
War, Carthage recovered and
expanded its influence in
Southern Spain.
* The Carthaginian general
Hannibal invaded Italy from
Spain crossing the Alps,
defeated Roman armies and
moved to South Italy avoiding
Rome. His plan was to cause
a general uprising of the
allies against Ro
What were hannibals army main components
were the numidians effective?
and how amny war elephents were there
The main components were Libyans from North
Africa, Iberians from Spain and Gauls from Gallia and Northern Italy. They
were virtually professional soldier
The cavalry of Hannibal was superior. The Numidians were especially effective.
- There were also 37 war elephants. Their contribution was modest and most died in the first part of the campaign.
Qlthough hannibal promsied idnepdenace from rome what happend
he majority of the
allies of Rome remained loyal
and gave a fundamental
contribution to the Roman war effort
Hannibal relied on the
resources of the populations of South Italy to support his army, which made him unpopula
who was the young and bold roman geernal who defeated the carthaginian in spain
and what did he do
and what ws the final battle that hannibal lost
The young and bold Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio defeated the Carthaginians in
Spain and convinced the Senate to approve his plan of invasion of Africa. He landed in North Africa and destroyed all armies sent against him.
Hannibal was recalled
from Italy but lost the final battle at Zama in 202 BCE. After the victory Scipio took the title of Africanu
Which macewdon king became an ally of carthage and tried to expand his power
During the Second
Punic War the king of
Macedon Philip V
became an ally of
Carthage and tried to
expand his power.
- After the Second Punic
War was over, the
Romans decided to
stop Philip and
accepted the appeal of
his Greek enemies
