9.1 and 9.2 Glycolysis Intro and Simple Sugars Flashcards
what is the overall goal of glycolysis?
splits 2 glucose into 2 pyruvates
what is the glucose molecular formula?
C6H12O6
what is the most abundant monosaccharide in nature?
glucose
describe glycolysis in terms on influx and outflux
glucose influx, pyruvate outflux
how can multiple reactions be coupled together?
via common intermediates
what can coupled reactions do to an energetically unfavorable process?
make it favorable (lower delta G)
what are the 2 kinds of simple sugars?
- monosaccharides
- disaccharides
how do open chain and ring forms of simple sugars exist?
in equilibirum with each other
what are the 3 ways to draw a simple sugar?
- fischer projection
- haworth projection
- chair projection
what is the sweet taste of sugar due to?
sugars binding to G protein coupled receptors on the tongue that leads to neuronal signals in the brain
what determines sweetness?
affinity of the sugar to the receptor protein
describe how kd is related to sweetness
sweeter sugars bind receptors better, so the lower the Kd, the sqeeter the sugar
describe aldoses
have aldehyde at C1
describe ketoses
have ketone at C2
what are 2 types of monosaccharides?
- aldoses
- ketoses
describe the middle carbons of monosaccharides
chiral with OH and H attached
what is on the end of every monosaccharide?
CH2OH
how are monosaccharides characterized? give 4 examples
by number of carbons
triose: 3 Cs
tetrose: 4 Cs
pentose: 5 Cs
hexose: 6 Cs