11.1 Chemiosmotic Theory Flashcards
how much ATP does one molecule of glucose yield?
32
describe the energy yield of glycolysis
net gain of 2 ATP produced in steps 7 and 10
describe the energy yield of the citric acid cycle
net gain of 2 GTP from step 5
where does most of the ATP produced from a molecule of glucose come from?
most comes from oxidative phosphorylation
what powers oxidative phosphorylation?
chemiosmosis
what is chemiosmosis?
protons move down a gradient to generate ATP
other than ATP, what do glycolysis and the citric acid cycle produce?
powerful reductant molecules
what kinds and how many reductants are produced from one molecule of glucose?
10 NADH
2 FADH2
what do the reductants from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle reduce?
reduced O2 to H2O
what do redox reactions power and what does this establish?
redox reaction power the pumping of protons and establish a gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane that protons can move down to generate ATP in chemiosmosis
can protons penetrate the mitochondrial membranes alone?
nope
what does the inner membrane of the mitochondria contain? what is the purpose?
crista, or folds; increase surface area
what is embedded in the innermembrane of the mitochondria?
ATP synthase
what is the mitochondrial matrix? what happens there?
the aqueous interior of the mitochondria where the citrate cycle happens
describe the proton circuit
- redox reactions are coupled to electron transport
- redox reactions are used to pump protons across membrane, which establishes H+, chemical, and electrical gradients
- H+ passively flow through ATP synthase, which produces ATP
what are 3 names for the innermembrane side of the proton circuit?
- P side
- positive side
- acidic side