9.1

Question 1

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 1

A single-celled organism without a nucleus or organelles

Question 2

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 2

An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and organelles

Question 3

List three structures that most cells have and their functions.

Answer 3

• Cell membrane: protects the cell and regulates what enters and exits
• Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance where cellular processes occur
• Genetic material (DNA/RNA): contains instructions for cell functions

Question 4

What are two benefits of prokaryotic cell plans?

Answer 4

Simplicity in structure
Rapid reproduction

Question 5

What are two benefits of eukaryotic cell plans?

Answer 5

Compartmentalization of functions
Greater complexity and specialization

Question 6

How do different cells get rid of waste?

Answer 6

Through processes like exocytosis and diffusion

Question 7

How do cells serve as a container?

Answer 7

By using cell membranes to enclose and protect cellular components

Question 8

What do cells contain that serves as a set of instructions?

Answer 8

DNA, which carries genetic information

Question 9

How do cells read the instructions contained in their DNA?

Answer 9

Through transcription and translation processes

Question 10

How do cells get and use energy?

Answer 10

By converting nutrients into energy through cellular respiration or photosynthesis

Question 11

Describe the steps involved in the making of proteins.

Answer 11

Transcription: DNA is transcribed to mRNA
Translation: mRNA is translated to amino acids at ribosomes
Folding and modification: proteins are folded and modified in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Why might some cells have more of one type of organelle than others?

Answer 12

Due to their specific functions and energy requirements

Question 13

Compare the structures of bacteria cells to plant cells.

Answer 13

Bacteria cells lack a nucleus and only some have cell walls, while plant cells have a nucleus and all have cell walls

Question 14

Compare the structures of bacteria cells to animal cells.

Answer 14

Bacteria cells lack a nucleus and have simpler structures, while animal cells have a nucleus and has organelles

Question 15

Compare the structures of plant cells to animal cells.

Answer 15

Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles, while animal cells have centrioles and lysosomes