10.3

Question 1

Describe the process of meiosis.

Answer 1

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four haploid gametes from one diploid cell.

Question 2

Define homologous chromosomes.

Answer 2

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content.

Question 3

Explain the role of sister chromatids in cell division.

Answer 3

Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome that are joined together by a centromere and separate during cell division.

Question 4

Do gametes play a role in sexual reproduction?

Answer 4

Yes, gametes are the reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) that fuse during fertilization to form a zygote.

Question 5

How do somatic cells differ from gametes?

Answer 5

Somatic cells are diploid cells that make up most of the body, while gametes are haploid cells involved in reproduction.

Question 6

What is the significance of haploid (n) and diploid (2n) cells?

Answer 6

Haploid cells contain one set of chromosomes (n), while diploid cells contain two sets (2n), which is important for sexual reproduction.

Question 7

Describe the structure and function of a tetrad during meiosis.

Answer 7

A tetrad consists of a pair of homologous chromosomes, each made up of two sister chromatids, and is formed during prophase I of meiosis.

Question 8

Explain synapsis in the context of meiosis.

Answer 8

Synapsis is the process during prophase I of meiosis where homologous chromosomes pair up and align closely.

Question 9

What is crossing over and why is it important?

Answer 9

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, which increases genetic variation.