9. why did the revolutions fail?

Question 1

5 main reasons

Answer 1

1. Austrian military might
2. France’s actions in Rome
3. lack of unity
4. lack of popular support
5. lack of international allies

Question 2

failure in Sicily

Answer 2

Neapolitan rule re-established

2 Sicilies forcibly reunited under even more absolute and repressive gov than before

Question 3

failure in Papal states

Answer 3

Roman Republic destroyed
Pope restored to temporal power (by french)
french continued to occupy Rome
all hope in Pius shattered

Question 4

failure in Tuscany, modena, parma (central duchies)

Answer 4

return to absolute rule

Question 5

failure in venetia and lombardy

Answer 5

venetian republic under tighter Austrian control (as did Lombardy)

Question 6

failure in Piedmont

Answer 6

humiliating defeat by Austria in 2 battles

Question 7

lack of unity

2 examples of a lack of cooperation

Answer 7

Sicily fighting for separation from Naples.
Charles Albert wouldn’t accept volunteers/work with revolutionaries until they had declared loyalty to Piedmontese royal family.

Question 8

lack of unity

examples of divided aims

Answer 8

liberals thought constitution necessary

radicals want republic

Question 9

lack of unity - no universally accepted national leader.

1. 3 candidates?
2. how it caused weakness

Answer 9

1.Mazzini
Pope Pius IX
Charles Albert
2. no leader acceptable to everyone -> local rev leaders had no central guidance. provisional gov could be moderate, extremist, radical, republican, democratic or monarchist

Question 10

lack of international allies

1. how was Austrians power the ‘single most important factor in failure of revs’

Answer 10

1. austrian army = superior in numbers, better equipped, better led = bound to win

Question 11

Why lack of international allies meant revs failed

Answer 11

one major power (Austria) could only be defeated the help of another.
revolutionaries clearly need allies to counterbalance might of Austria

Question 12

how did 1848 reinforce nationalism

Answer 12

1. emotionally - Italians disgusted by brutal tactics used by Austria
   Garibaldi and the 5000 - a glorious tale of the risorgimento

Question 13

why was the survival of the statuto significant

Answer 13

1. opportunity for political life to continue that were not possible elsewhere in Italy
2. Refugees from other states came to Piedmont = gave it a more cosmopolitan air/nationalist flavour