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history ITALY 2 Risorgimento and Revolution 1815-1849 > 7. The revolutions of 1848-49 > Flashcards

7. The revolutions of 1848-49 Flashcards

1
Q

causes

A

liberalism
nationalism
economic discontent

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2
Q

successes

A

almost every where in Italy

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3
Q

failure

A

only the Statuto in Piedmont remained

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4
Q

origins of the revolutions

A
  1. liberals calling for constitutions, government reforms and political freedom
  2. nationalists demanded independence from Austria
  3. economic problems. failed harvest of 1846-47 = high prices & low wages
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5
Q

revs in other major cities - France

  1. When
  2. what happened
A
  1. February 1848

2. angry mob force King Louis Philippe to abdicate and flee

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6
Q

revs in other major cities - Austria

  1. when
  2. what happened
A
  1. March 1848

2. crowds successfully call for dismissal of Metternich (the symbol of resistance to reform

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7
Q

success in sicily

1. what caused revs

A
  1. repression by King Ferdinand II

outbreak of Cholera leaves Sicilians in desperate state

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8
Q

success in sicily

2. how did rev begin

A
  1. January 1848 notices posted in Palermo announced weapons to be handed out -> on day specified clashes with gov troops -> peasants join rising
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9
Q

success in sicily

3. gov response

A
  1. Neapolitan army shells city.
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10
Q

success in sicily

4. initial success and demands

A
  1. revs taken over city. demand for restoration of 1812 constitution -> compromise offered -> refused
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11
Q

success in sicily

5. revs taken over most of island by

A
  1. April -> provisional gov set up by middle class moderates
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12
Q

success in sicily

6. why was a civic guard formed

A
  1. provisional gov of middle class moderates anxious of what peasants might do next. set up to control the masses.
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13
Q

success in sicily

7. the elected parliament declared

A
  1. declared Naples and Sicily separate and King of Naples no longer King of Sicily
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14
Q

Failure in Naples and Sicily

1. Naples - how did rev begin

A
  1. rev spread to Naples within a few days of uprising in Palermo
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15
Q

Failure in Naples and Sicily

2. Naples - what were the demands

A
  1. a constitution
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16
Q

Failure in Naples and Sicily

3. Naples - what did the King agree to

A
  1. a 2-chamber parliament with limited powers. formation of a national guard. free press from censorship
17
Q

Failure in Naples and Sicily

4. Naples- the gov was able to send troops to retake Sicily by

A
  1. September 1848
18
Q

Failure in Naples and Sicily

5. how were the Sicilians defeated

A
  1. intense bombardment of local towns earning King Ferdinand name ‘King Bomba’
19
Q

Failure in Naples and Sicily

6. By spring 1849

A
  1. Sicily forced to accept reunification of naples. King abolished parliament and replaced with absolute rule and police state
20
Q

Success in central and northern Italy

1. what happened as a result of disturbances

A
  1. Grand duke of Tuscany and King of Piedmont promise to grant constitutions.
    example followed by pope.
    Modena and Parma rulers flee
21
Q

Success in central and northern Italy

2. where and how did the unrest begin

A
  1. Milan in Lombardy, tobacco boycott as an attempt to damage Austrian finances ->
    attacking smokers ->
    riots ->
    revolution
22
Q

Success in central and northern Italy

3. What was the revolution known as in Lombardy

A
  1. “the five days” (17-22 March)
23
Q

Success in central and northern Italy.

4. why did General Radetzky withdraw from Milan (in Lombardy)

A
  1. Revolution had broken out in vienna = Metternich resigned
24
Q

Success in central and northern Italy

5. What did the provisional government in Milan (set up by revolutionaries) do? what did this lead to?

A
  1. prepared to continue fight against Austria.
    asked for help from Piedmont.
    Charles Albert agreed to declare war on Austria.
25
Q

Success in central and northern Italy

6. What happened in Austrian controlled Venetia

A
  1. revolution -> Austria surrenders
26
Q

Success in central and northern Italy

7. In Venetia what was proclaimed in March 1849 and by who?

A
  1. Independent Venetian Republic of St Mark.

Daniel Manin

27
Q

Success in central and northern Italy

8. Venetia’s rapidly elected assembly voted for union with who?

A
  1. Piedmont
28
Q

Success in Central and Northen Italy

9. when did CA army defeat Austria

A
  1. May 1848
29
Q

The impact of the pope

1. What caused trouble in Papal states?

A
  1. Pope’s army commander disobeyed orders and set off with troops to join CA’s army (pope was not at war with Austria)
30
Q

The impact of the pope

2. what was the popes position? how did he make this clear?

A
  1. Pope would not go to war with Austria. would not support a united Italy.
    allocution (speech) April 1848.
31
Q

The impact of the pope

3. what happened as a result of the Popes position

A
  1. liberal and nationalist movements became anticlerical
32
Q

Revolutionary setbacks

1. how had the fall of Metternich not produced any fundamental change? 2 things

A
  1. strong figure emerged - Sophie of Bavaria

December 1848 had son crowned as Emperor Franz Joseph

33
Q

Revolutionary setbacks

2. after restoration of calm in Austria what key event happened

A
  1. June 1848 - General Radetzky defeated Charles Alberts army at Custoza
34
Q
  1. What did Charles Alberts defeat at Custoza lead to
A
  1. armistice ->
    Piedmont withdrew from Lombardy
    Venetians cancelled union with Piedmont and prepared to continue war with Austria

history ITALY 2 Risorgimento and Revolution 1815-1849 (10 decks)

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