9 - Urban Processes

Question 1

What characterises urbanisation?

Answer 1

Dense population, social, ethnic and religious diversity, well-serviced.

Question 2

When did urbanisation occur in the uk?

Answer 2

the Industrial Revolution

Question 3

What are the main causes of urbanisation?

Answer 3

Rural-urban migration (push and pull factors)
Natural increase.

Question 4

List three effects of urbanisation.

Answer 4

Urban sprawl
Shortage of (affordable) housing
High demand for services (shops and transport), waste disposal and jobs.

Question 5

What evidence is there for urbanisation in Mumbai?

Answer 5

5.9 million in 1971, 20.7 million in 2016.

Question 6

Identify three pull factors for migration to Mumbai.

Answer 6

Diverse opportunities in jobs and entertainment
Better living standards than in rural India
Bollywood movie industry.

Question 7

What are the problems in Mumbai due to urbanisation?

Answer 7

Economic segregation…over half of the population live in slums.
Only 30% of those in slums have access to healthcare.
Infant mortality rate is 26 per 1000.
Gender inequality…problems for women.

Question 8

What are some problems women face in Mumbai’s slums?

Answer 8

Few opportunities due to low literacy rate, leads to prostitution which leads to higher rates of HIV and other STIs.

Question 9

What is the goal of the Dharavi slum project? - Management in Mumbai

Answer 9

To redevelop the area and build new apartments, water and sewage systems, hospitals, and schools.

Question 10

What has been suggested for better access to the CBD in Mumbai? - Management in Mumbai

Answer 10

Upgraded public transport systems. e.g. trams

Question 11

What is the aim of the Clean Up Mumbai campaign? - Management in Mumbai

Answer 11

To clear litter and educate residents on waste disposal and recycling.

Question 12

What characterises suburbanisation?

Answer 12

Young families, semi-detached houses, bay windows, driveways, good transport, parade of shops.

Question 13

When did suburbanisation occur in the UK?

Answer 13

After World Wars (1930s and 50s)

Question 14

List two inner city push factors leading to suburbanisation.

Answer 14

Overcrowding
Pollution.

Question 15

What are some effects of suburbanisation in the inner city?

Answer 15

Dereliction
Low living standards
Increased congestion
Social segregation due to ethnicity and wealth.

Question 16

What evidence indicates suburbanisation in Surbiton?

Answer 16

Population increased from 141,000 in 1971 to 160,000 in 2011.

Question 17

What are two pull factors for moving to Surbiton?

Answer 17

Transport: train to Waterloo in 18 minutes
Variety of good quality housing, shops, restaurants, and schools.

Question 18

What are the problems of suburbanisation in Surbiton?

Answer 18

70% of households have at least 1 car, leading to congestion.
Average house price is double the UK average, leading to economic segregation.

Question 19

What is the aim of the Improvement Strategy 2009 in Surbiton? - Management in Surbiton

Answer 19

To combat congestion through widening roads and setting shop delivery times.
Make train transport cheaper (zone 5 from zone 6)

Question 20

What characterises counter-urbanisation?

Answer 20

Green space, small businesses, buildings with traditional characteristics/renovated properties.

Question 21

When did counter-urbanisation occur in the UK?

Answer 21

1970s and 80s

Question 22

List two causes of counter-urbanisation.

Answer 22

Searching for rural idyll
Cheaper housing.

Question 23

What are two effects of counter-urbanisation?

Answer 23

Some services increase in business.
Loses character due to new builds.

Question 24

What evidence indicates counter-urbanisation in Shenley?

Answer 24

Population increased from 2,390 in 1991 to 5,390 in 2021.

Question 25

What are two pull factors for moving to Shenley?

Answer 25

Transport: off J22 on the M25
New housing aimed at affluent commuters.

Question 26

What problem arises from rising house prices in Shenley?

Answer 26

Locals can no longer afford to live there.

Question 27

What management is taking place in Shenley?

Answer 27

Shenley Park Trusts = keep character alive
Apple festival = keep community alive
Walking bus = avoid traffic from local school runs

Question 28

What characterises urban resurgence?

Answer 28

Historical industrial architecture, modern infrastructure and services, young skilled professionals.

Question 29

When did urban resurgence occur in the UK?

Answer 29

From the late 1980s to present

Question 30

What are two causes of urban resurgence?

Answer 30

Rural push factors
City pull factors

Question 31

What is a negative effect of urban resurgence?

Answer 31

Displacement of locals.

Question 32

What evidence indicates urban resurgence in the London Docklands?

Answer 32

Population increased from 12,500 in mid-80s to 40,521 in 2011.

Question 33

What are three pull factors for the London Docklands due to urban resurgence?

Answer 33

100,000 jobs in the Isle of Dogs due to Canary Wharf
Crossrail and Jubilee line extension
20,000 new homes built and 8,000 renovated.

Question 34

What is a problem with the new jobs in the Docklands?

Answer 34

Require skillsets that Dockland locals don’t have.

Question 35

What management initiative is in place for the Docklands?

Answer 35

Urban New Deals initiative (Shadwell) for continued redevelopment and regeneration.