9 - Urban Processes Flashcards
What characterises urbanisation?
Dense population, social, ethnic and religious diversity, well-serviced.
When did urbanisation occur in the uk?
the Industrial Revolution
What are the main causes of urbanisation?
Rural-urban migration (push and pull factors)
Natural increase.
List three effects of urbanisation.
Urban sprawl
Shortage of (affordable) housing
High demand for services (shops and transport), waste disposal and jobs.
What evidence is there for urbanisation in Mumbai?
5.9 million in 1971, 20.7 million in 2016.
Identify three pull factors for migration to Mumbai.
Diverse opportunities in jobs and entertainment
Better living standards than in rural India
Bollywood movie industry.
What are the problems in Mumbai due to urbanisation?
Economic segregation…over half of the population live in slums.
Only 30% of those in slums have access to healthcare.
Infant mortality rate is 26 per 1000.
Gender inequality…problems for women.
What are some problems women face in Mumbai’s slums?
Few opportunities due to low literacy rate, leads to prostitution which leads to higher rates of HIV and other STIs.
What is the goal of the Dharavi slum project? - Management in Mumbai
To redevelop the area and build new apartments, water and sewage systems, hospitals, and schools.
What has been suggested for better access to the CBD in Mumbai? - Management in Mumbai
Upgraded public transport systems. e.g. trams
What is the aim of the Clean Up Mumbai campaign? - Management in Mumbai
To clear litter and educate residents on waste disposal and recycling.
What characterises suburbanisation?
Young families, semi-detached houses, bay windows, driveways, good transport, parade of shops.
When did suburbanisation occur in the UK?
After World Wars (1930s and 50s)
List two inner city push factors leading to suburbanisation.
Overcrowding
Pollution.
What are some effects of suburbanisation in the inner city?
Dereliction
Low living standards
Increased congestion
Social segregation due to ethnicity and wealth.
What evidence indicates suburbanisation in Surbiton?
Population increased from 141,000 in 1971 to 160,000 in 2011.
What are two pull factors for moving to Surbiton?
Transport: train to Waterloo in 18 minutes
Variety of good quality housing, shops, restaurants, and schools.
What are the problems of suburbanisation in Surbiton?
70% of households have at least 1 car, leading to congestion.
Average house price is double the UK average, leading to economic segregation.
What is the aim of the Improvement Strategy 2009 in Surbiton? - Management in Surbiton
To combat congestion through widening roads and setting shop delivery times.
Make train transport cheaper (zone 5 from zone 6)
What characterises counter-urbanisation?
Green space, small businesses, buildings with traditional characteristics/renovated properties.
When did counter-urbanisation occur in the UK?
1970s and 80s
List two causes of counter-urbanisation.
Searching for rural idyll
Cheaper housing.
What are two effects of counter-urbanisation?
Some services increase in business.
Loses character due to new builds.
What evidence indicates counter-urbanisation in Shenley?
Population increased from 2,390 in 1991 to 5,390 in 2021.
What are two pull factors for moving to Shenley?
Transport: off J22 on the M25
New housing aimed at affluent commuters.
What problem arises from rising house prices in Shenley?
Locals can no longer afford to live there.
What management is taking place in Shenley?
Shenley Park Trusts = keep character alive
Apple festival = keep community alive
Walking bus = avoid traffic from local school runs
What characterises urban resurgence?
Historical industrial architecture, modern infrastructure and services, young skilled professionals.
When did urban resurgence occur in the UK?
From the late 1980s to present
What are two causes of urban resurgence?
Rural push factors
City pull factors
What is a negative effect of urban resurgence?
Displacement of locals.
What evidence indicates urban resurgence in the London Docklands?
Population increased from 12,500 in mid-80s to 40,521 in 2011.
What are three pull factors for the London Docklands due to urban resurgence?
100,000 jobs in the Isle of Dogs due to Canary Wharf
Crossrail and Jubilee line extension
20,000 new homes built and 8,000 renovated.
What is a problem with the new jobs in the Docklands?
Require skillsets that Dockland locals don’t have.
What management initiative is in place for the Docklands?
Urban New Deals initiative (Shadwell) for continued redevelopment and regeneration.
