9 - Urban Change

Question 1

What is decentralisation?

Answer 1

The movement of population and businesses away from the established city centre (CBD) toward the urban fringe.

CBD stands for Central Business District.

Question 2

What is deindustrialisation?

Answer 2

The loss or reduction in secondary industry in towns and cities.

Secondary industry refers to manufacturing and industrial activities.

Question 3

What were Urban Development Corporations (UDCs) focused on?

Answer 3

Restoring derelict areas to attract new businesses and improve the environment, create new jobs and houses.

Question 4

When did the UDCs in the UK operate?

Answer 4

1970s -1990s

Question 5

Who financed the Urban Development Corporations in London Docklands?

Answer 5

Private sector funding and government investment.

Question 6

What were the successes of the LDDC?

Answer 6

Europe’s greatest urban regeneration project.
£12 billion of private investment, £800 million of government money.
6km2 of derelict land transformed.
Improved infrastructure – e.g. DLR, M11.
100,000 jobs created.
Home ownership increased 38% from 5%.
20,000 new homes built, and 8,000 homes renovated.

Question 7

Fill in the blank: The London Docklands UDC led to a socio-economic divide with wealthy _______ moving in.

Answer 7

yuppies

Question 8

What was a significant problem faced by locals during the London Docklands UDC?

Answer 8

Locals were not trained to work in the new ‘knowledge economy’ jobs.
They were not consulted.
They felt pushed out of the area.

Question 9

What was the issue about the jobs created in the Isle of Dogs?

Answer 9

600,000 jobs lost due to deindustrialisation but only 100,000 created.

Question 10

What was a financial issue encountered during the London Docklands UDC?

Answer 10

Lost money on property due to speculation.
The houses built were way too expensive (over £1million).

Question 11

What type of areas were targeted for regeneration in the Partnership Schemes?

Answer 11

Derelict areas

Question 12

What is an example of the Partnership Schemes in the UK?

Answer 12

City Challenge

Question 13

Who competed for funding in City Challenge?

Answer 13

Local authorities

Question 14

What years did the Partnership Scheme City Challenge in Hulme, Manchester take place?

Answer 14

1991-1997

Question 15

What was the main aim of the Partnership Scheme City Challenge in Hulme, Manchester?

Answer 15

To improve physical, economic and social environment effectively

Question 16

Who did local authorities collaborate with in the Partnership Schemes?

Answer 16

Local community and private companies

Question 17

Name a private company that worked with local authorities in the Partnership Scheme in Manchester.

Answer 17

Bellway homes - provided low cost housing!

Question 18

What were the successes of the Partnership Scheme in Hulme?

Answer 18

£37.5 million investment
Colgate and Laing O Rourke (construction) set up on Birley Fields Business Park.
Zion community centre
Population grew by 3.3%
A new park was built.
Hulme Arch made to signify the regeneration…added to the history!!

Question 19

What were the 2 problems of the Partnership Scheme in Hulme?

Answer 19

½ of the housing is still social housing
Unemployment has fallen from 32% to 6% (but still higher from the rest of Manchester)

Question 20

When did Urban New Deals in the UK operate?

Answer 20

2000s onwards

Question 21

What is an urban new deal?

Answer 21

Like Partnership schemes they involve a partnership, but emphasis on improving housing and new jobs and training especially

Question 22

What are the successes of an urban new deal?

Answer 22

Local people got training and new jobs
Sustainable
What locals actually want/need

Question 23

What are the problems of an urban new deal?

Answer 23

Small scale
No private money put into the area…limited improvements.