9 - Urban Change Flashcards
What is decentralisation?
The movement of population and businesses away from the established city centre (CBD) toward the urban fringe.
CBD stands for Central Business District.
What is deindustrialisation?
The loss or reduction in secondary industry in towns and cities.
Secondary industry refers to manufacturing and industrial activities.
What were Urban Development Corporations (UDCs) focused on?
Restoring derelict areas to attract new businesses and improve the environment, create new jobs and houses.
When did the UDCs in the UK operate?
1970s -1990s
Who financed the Urban Development Corporations in London Docklands?
Private sector funding and government investment.
What were the successes of the LDDC?
Europe’s greatest urban regeneration project.
£12 billion of private investment, £800 million of government money.
6km2 of derelict land transformed.
Improved infrastructure – e.g. DLR, M11.
100,000 jobs created.
Home ownership increased 38% from 5%.
20,000 new homes built, and 8,000 homes renovated.
Fill in the blank: The London Docklands UDC led to a socio-economic divide with wealthy _______ moving in.
yuppies
What was a significant problem faced by locals during the London Docklands UDC?
Locals were not trained to work in the new ‘knowledge economy’ jobs.
They were not consulted.
They felt pushed out of the area.
What was the issue about the jobs created in the Isle of Dogs?
600,000 jobs lost due to deindustrialisation but only 100,000 created.
What was a financial issue encountered during the London Docklands UDC?
Lost money on property due to speculation.
The houses built were way too expensive (over £1million).
What type of areas were targeted for regeneration in the Partnership Schemes?
Derelict areas
What is an example of the Partnership Schemes in the UK?
City Challenge
Who competed for funding in City Challenge?
Local authorities
What years did the Partnership Scheme City Challenge in Hulme, Manchester take place?
1991-1997
What was the main aim of the Partnership Scheme City Challenge in Hulme, Manchester?
To improve physical, economic and social environment effectively
Who did local authorities collaborate with in the Partnership Schemes?
Local community and private companies
Name a private company that worked with local authorities in the Partnership Scheme in Manchester.
Bellway homes - provided low cost housing!
What were the successes of the Partnership Scheme in Hulme?
£37.5 million investment
Colgate and Laing O Rourke (construction) set up on Birley Fields Business Park.
Zion community centre
Population grew by 3.3%
A new park was built.
Hulme Arch made to signify the regeneration…added to the history!!
What were the 2 problems of the Partnership Scheme in Hulme?
½ of the housing is still social housing
Unemployment has fallen from 32% to 6% (but still higher from the rest of Manchester)
When did Urban New Deals in the UK operate?
2000s onwards
What is an urban new deal?
Like Partnership schemes they involve a partnership, but emphasis on improving housing and new jobs and training especially
What are the successes of an urban new deal?
Local people got training and new jobs
Sustainable
What locals actually want/need
What are the problems of an urban new deal?
Small scale
No private money put into the area…limited improvements.
