9 - Threats to Philippine Biodiversity Flashcards
Threats to Philippine Biodiversity (7)
habitat loss
climate change
invasive species
overexploitation
pollution
agriculture and land use
mining
under habitat loss (3)
deforestation
urbanization
agriculture
According to data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the country’s forest cover decreased from approximately ________ of its total land area in the early 20th century to just around________ by 2015. This represents a significant loss of forested habitats.
70% ; 23%
under climate change (3)
rising temperature
sea level rise
extreme weather
under invasive species (4)
competition
predation
habitat alteration
disease & pathogen
examples of invasive species (3)
water hyacinth
african catfish
golden apple snail
under overexplotation (2)
overfishing
illegal logging
According to a report by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), around ______ of Philippine waters are overfished or fully exploited
60%-70%
Many commercially important fish species, such as ______ are subject to overfishing, resulting in declining catches and reduced income for local fisherfolk
tuna, sardines and groupers
said that illegal logging and unsustainable logging practices have led to the loss of thousands of hectares of forest annually
Forest Management Bureau (FMB)
under pollution (2)
water pollution
air pollution
water pollution leads to a (3)
- decrease in water quality
- oxygen depletion
- introduction of harmful substances.
under agriculture and land use (2)
pesticides
monoculture farming
can also harm non-target species, including beneficial insects, birds, and aquatic organisms, through direct contact, ingestion, or habitat contamination
pesticides
when predators feed on multiple contaminated prey, these toxins can become more concentrated
biomagnification
involves growing a single crop over large areas. This practice reduces habitat diversity for other plants and wildlife. It can lead to the displacement of native flora and fauna, as well as a decline in biodiversity
monoculture farming
under mining (2)
habitat destruction
water pollution
involves clearing large areas of forests and other natural habitats to access mineral deposits. This habitat destruction can lead to the displacement and loss of numerous plant and animal species, including those that may be endemic or endangered.
mining
is a common problem in mining areas. It occurs when sulfide minerals in the ore react with air and water, producing acidic runoff that can contaminate surface and groundwater
Acid mine drainage (AMD)
can smother riverbeds and aquatic habitats, degrading water quality and destroying important breeding grounds for fish and other aquatic organisms
sedimentation from mining operations
Conservation efforts (5)
- protected areas and conservation zone
- conservation organization
- government initiatives
- international cooperation
- community engagement and education
Protected Areas and Conservation Zone (3)
- TUBBATAHA Reefs Natural Park (UNESCO)
- Mount Apo Natural Park
- Palawan Wildlife Rescue and Conservation Center
Conservation Organization (3)
- Haribon Foundation for the Conservation of Natural Resources
- Philippine Eagle Foundation
- World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Philippines
Government Initiatives (4)
- The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
- Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act
- National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act
- The Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB)
