9 The Church Militant: The twelfth century Flashcards
Symbol of St Mark?
Mark the Evangelist, the author of the second gospel account is symbolized by a winged lion – a figure of courage and monarchy. Mark has John the Baptist preaching “like a lion roaring” at the beginning of his Gospel and this symbol implies that Christians must be courageous.
Symbol for St Matthew? Why?
Matthew the Evangelist, the author of the first gospel account is symbolized by a winged man, or angel. This represents Jesus’ Incarnation, and so Christ’s human nature and implies that we should use our power to reason to achieve salvation.
Symbol for St Luke? Why?
Luke the Evangelist, the author of the third gospel account (and the Acts of the Apostles) is symbolized by a winged ox or bull – a sacrificial animal, because his Gospel stresses the sacrificial nature of Christ’s ministry and opens with Zechariah performing his priestly duties
Symbol for St John? Why?
John the Evangelist, the author of the fourth gospel account is symbolized by an eagle – because of his visions and the heavenly opening of his Gospel.
Where do the animal symbols for the evangelists originally come from?
Vision of Ezekiel in the Old Testament, in which the throne of the Lord is carried by four creatures with the heads of a lion, a man, an ox and an eagle.
Laocoon pronunciation
lay-OCK-oh-on
Gesture that symbolises act of speaking in medieval art?
Right arm extended, often with two fingers
What freedoms did the shift away from naturalistic representation offer medieval artists?
Figures and forms could be arranged on purely ornamental lines.
Any colours could be used.
Chief architectural innovation of the Romanesque period?
Vaulting
Medieval painters were unaware of the rules of correct ____________, but that this very shortcoming enabled them to distribute their figures over the picture in any way they liked in order to create the perfect __________.
Medieval painters were unaware of the rules of correct draughtsmanship, but that this very shortcoming enabled them to distribute their figures over the picture in any way they liked in order to create the perfect pattern.
What is the Norman style known as on the continent?
Romanesque
Identify, date, describe
Benedictine church of Murbach, Alsace, 1160
Romanesque style
What is the idea of the Church Militant?
That the task of the Church is to fight the powers of darkness until the hour of triumph on Doomsday.
When and why did the transept become a regular feature of church architecture?
Romanesque period (6th to 12th centuries). Increasing popularity of pilgrimages –needed more space to circulate around important relics often housed in radiating chapels off the transept.
What is the communion of saints?
Commūniō sānctōrum – the spiritual union of the members of the Christian Church, living and the dead, but excluding the damned.
All are part of a single “mystical body”, with Christ as the head, in which each member contributes to the good of all and shares in the welfare of all.