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ICND-1 > 9 - Routers > Flashcards

9 - Routers Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different forwarding mechanisms on a router?

A

process switching
fast switching
cisco express forwarding

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2
Q

Describe process switching.

A

uses the routers cpu to determine the next hop and forwarding interface, typically on used for difficult packets that require encryption or nat, or destinations that have not been entered into the route cache

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3
Q

Describe fast switching.

A

does not use the routers cpu, handles significantly higher throughput than process switching

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4
Q

Describe CEF or cisco express forwarding?

A

Uses FIB or forwarding information table, the fib table contains all the ip prefixes and remains synced with the ip routing table

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5
Q

What command is used to determine the type of forwarding mechanism that is enabled on the interface?

A

sh ip interface fa0/0

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6
Q

What are some common features for cisco routers?

A
  1. modularity
  2. low port count
  3. most ports are typically routed ports
  4. aux port
  5. compact flash storage
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7
Q

What is an aui port?

A

15 pin port attachment unit interface

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8
Q

what are bri ports?

A

used to connect to an isdn line

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9
Q

What does nm stand for on a cisco router?

A

Network Module

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10
Q

What does wic stand for on a cisco router?

A

Wan Interface Card

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11
Q

How many interfaces of a router can be on a single subnet?

A

one

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12
Q

What is the meaning of interface status up and line protocol up?

A

both the interface and protocol are working as intended

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13
Q

What is the meaning of interface status up and line protocol down?

A

layer 2 problem exists

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14
Q

What is the meaning of interface status down and line protocol down?

A

layer 1 problem exists

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15
Q

What is the meaning of interface status administratively down and line protocol down?

A

the interface was configured with the shutdown command

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16
Q

What layer do encapsulation protocols operate?

A

data link layer

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17
Q

What are the two primary encapsulation methods in cisco serial interfaces?

A

HDLC or high level data link

PPP point to point protocol

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18
Q

What encapsulation method is default for all synchronous serial ports on cisco devices?

A

HDLC

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19
Q

Is cisco’s interpretation of hdlc proprietary?

A

yes, uses a proprietary field that indicates the payload protocol

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20
Q

What encapsulation method is used with multi vendor implementations?

A

PPP

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21
Q

What are the protocols used by PPP?

A

LCP link control protocol

NCP network control protocol

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22
Q

What does LCP do?

A

configures authentication, compression, and other options used by PPP

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23
Q

What does NCP do?

A

negotiates which lan protocols will be encapsulated

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24
Q

What are some examples of the authentication used in PPP?

A

Chap or challenge handshake authentication protocol

PAP or password authentication protocol

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25
Q

When does authentication take place in PPP?

A

After lcp and before ncp

26
Q

What does DCE stand for?

A

data communications equipment

27
Q

What does DTE stand for?

A

data terminating equipment

28
Q

What side of the connection has to have the clocking applied to it?

A

DCE

29
Q

What command is used to determine what side the clocking needs to be applied?

A

show controllers

30
Q

what command is used to apply a clock rate for a serial connection?

A

clock rate

31
Q

What does csu/dsu stand for?

A

channel service unit/data service unit

32
Q

What is the meaning of interface status up and line protocol up (looped)?

A

a loop exists in the circuit

33
Q

What is the meaning of interface status up and line protocol down (disabled)?

A

interface detected a high rate of errors

34
Q

What are keepalives used for?

A

to determine whether a link is usable

35
Q

When using PPP encapsulation, what needs to be configured differently between the two devices?

A

the hostname, because of the authentication using the hostname

36
Q

What command can be used to troubleshoot PPP negotiation?

A

debug ppp negotiation

37
Q

What is the local database called on a cisco router?

A

routing table

38
Q

What are the four general types of routes in a routing table?

A

directly connected routes
static routes
dynamic routes
default routes

39
Q

What is displayed in the routing table for directly connected routes?

A

the interface and not a next hop ip address along with the network prefix

40
Q

Is the subnet mask displayed with the network prefix in the routing table?

A

yes unless its a classful network

41
Q

What type of general routes contain and administrative distance?

A

statically

dynamic

42
Q

What is another name for the default route?

A

gateway of last resort

43
Q

What has to happen on the interface before it has a directly connected route in the routing table?

A

active state

44
Q

What is used when you have multiple routes to a network?

A

the administrative distance

45
Q

What are the four types of IPv6 static routes?

A

recursive
directly attached
fully specified
floating

46
Q

What makes a floating ipv6 static route?

A

either a recursive, directly attached, or specified with a higher AD value

47
Q

Is ipv6 enabled by default on a cisco router?

A

no

48
Q

What is a dynamic route?

A

a path to a network that a router learns through routing updates from other routers

49
Q

If there are two routes to the same network with the same routing protocol, ie same administrative distance, what is used to determine the best route?

A

the metric
rip metric is determined by hop count
eigrp metric is determined by bandwidth, delay, load, and reliability
ospf metric is determined uses cost

50
Q

What is the AD for a directly connected route?

A

0

51
Q

What is the AD for a static route?

A

1

52
Q

What is the AD for an EIGRP route?

A

90

53
Q

What is the AD for an OSPF route?

A

110

54
Q

What is the AD for a RIP route?

A

120

55
Q

What is the AD for an unknown or unreliable route?

A

255

56
Q

What is a default route used for?

A

send packets that are destined for a location that is not listed elsewhere in the routing table

57
Q

What is a goal of default routes?

A

keep the routing table small

58
Q

What is a downside to using an interface for as a destination in the default route?

A

ARP requests are created for each destination address it sends through the default route which can cause high processor utilization and a large arp cache

59
Q

How do you create the gateway of last resort on a router that has ip routing disabled?

A

ip default-gateway

60
Q

Where is the gateway of last resort typically listed in the routing table?

A

before the first route

ICND-1 (12 decks)

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