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Uk Politics > 9 - Pressure Groups > Flashcards

9 - Pressure Groups Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pressure groups aim

A

To influence political decision making

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2
Q

how do pressure groups differ from parties

A

Pressure groups see to influence those in power while parties want the power

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3
Q

What are insider groups

A

Those that are consulted by the government

They must be law-abiding with a good public image

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4
Q

What are outsider groups

A

Not consulted by government

Some work to get insider group access

Some like to remain outsiders so they can do what they want

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5
Q

Main aims of the British medical association BMA

A

Acts as the doctors trade union

Lobbies the government for improvements to healthcare and public health

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6
Q

is the BMA an insider or outsider group

A

Insider

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7
Q

What is the membership numbers of the BMA

A

160,000 doctors and medical students

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8
Q

What are he BMA’s methods

A

The BMA briefs mps on health policy, meets with ministers

Organised the first full strike by junior doctors in april 2016

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9
Q

What are the BMA’s successes

A

Plays a leading role in every debate about public health

The government has released many polices including the BMA, these include:
Sugar Tax 2018
Smoking ban in enclosed public places 2007
Compulsory seatbelts 1991

One of the most respected pressure groups

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10
Q

Failures of the BMA

A

Cancelled plans for a second junior doctors strike in sept 2016 after saying the hospitals weren’t given enough time to prepare

Was unable to stop a real-terms pay cut in 2021, despite immense contributions to the pandemic

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11
Q

Is Extinction Rebellion an insider or outsider group

A

Outsider group

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12
Q

Main aims of Extinction Rebellion

A

Make the government declare a climate emergency

Force government to act now, going carbon neutral by 2025

Convince government to create a citizens assembly to make climate decisions

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13
Q

membership of Extinction Rebellion

A

No formal membership or hierarchy

Set up in 2018 and by 2020 had more than 485 groups in 75 countries

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14
Q

Methods used by Extinction Rebellion

A

Peaceful direct action and civil disobedience

Mass protests - Blocking roads, glueing themselves to things

Mass arrests, intended to fill police cells - 1828 protesters were arrested in october 2019

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15
Q

Successes of Extinction Rebellion

A

The environment sits higher on the agenda than ever before - although not being carbon neutral as fast as they want - 2050 for tory’s

The environment matters to voters with 26% of people putting it in their top 3 issues in 2019

Select committees in parliament set up the 100-member citizens assembly in 2020 to write a climate report

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16
Q

Failures of Extinction Rebellion

A

Criticism of some of it’s actions being unhelpful stunts - particularly a 2019 demonstration that delayed 500k commuters

The pace of the government hasn’t changed

Divisions and splits have hurt the group

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17
Q

limitations of pressure groups

A

Some groups are only consulted occasionally

Some groups only get consulted with a certain party in charge - trade unions when labour is in charge

18
Q

What are promotional groups

A

Those that propose a specific cause such as housing

Normally inclusive groups

19
Q

What are interest groups

A

Those that exist to defend the interests of a particular group or person

All trade unions are interest groups as they protect the interests of their members

20
Q

Limitations of promotional and interest groups

A

Some like the BMA don’t fall under either category

21
Q

How do insider groups influence government

A

Try to directly influence minister sand civil servants through contributions to consultations or face-to-face meetings

22
Q

How do insider groups influence parliament

A

Lobby MP’s to influence their votes

Try to convince MP’s to introduce a private member bill for them

Asked to appear In front of a backbench committee

23
Q

How do insider groups influence parties

A

Unions have been part of the labour party since its origin

Some pressure groups attend conferences to try and influence members

24
Q

How do insider groups use the courts

A

Try to overturn government actions with the court using judicial review

Publicity from this can help the group

The criminal justice and courts act 2015 made it more difficult or charities to use jucicial review

25
Q

How do outsider groups appeal to the public

A

Attract public support by using the media

They appeal directly using social media

Demonstrations and marches can bring important issues to the public attention - Eg BLM in 2020

26
Q

How do outsider group do background campaigns

A

Long-term educational and propaganda campaigns are designed to produce significant shifts in public opinions

27
Q

How do outsider groups use short-term campaigns

A

Aimed at warning the public about a specific problem

The most extreme version is the “fire brigade campaign”, a dramatic campaign to rally support quickly

28
Q

How are direct actions used by outsider groups

A

Action taken by a pressure group beyond the usual constitutional methods of campaigning

Includes - marches, demonstrations and strikes

Some are legal - trade union strikes

Some are illegal - climbing buildings and blocking airport runways

29
Q

How do memberships affect pressure groups influence

A

Large memberships often have more influence within government

The government can still ignore popular pressure groups - striking unions or the BMA’s doctors strike in 2016

30
Q

How do aims affect pressure groups influence

A

Limited and easily achievable aims are more likely to be met

Eg the snowdrop campaign was set up after the Dunblane massacre of 1996 and aimed to ban personal handguns, was done by an act of parliament in 1997

31
Q

How do celebrity endorsements affect pressure groups influence

A

Endorsements can bring publicity to an issue

Rashford in 2020 became an ambassador of FareShare to try and perform a policy u-turn and provide free school meals over the holidays

32
Q

How can legal victories affect pressure groups influence

A

Judicial review can force the government to change policy

The stonehenge alliance took the government to court over its planned 1.7bn road and tunnel project at stonehenge. In 2021 the high court ruled it unlawful

33
Q

What do think tanks do

A

Organisations that exist purely to develop new ideas and policies

Privately funded by donations

Usually independent of political parties but aim to convince them to adopt their ideas

34
Q

Example of a think tank having a link to a mp

A

Iain Duncan Smith set up the centre for social justice in 20o4

35
Q

What do lobbyists do

A

Political operatives who are paid to influence the government

Usually employed by corporations or wealthy pressure groups

They arrange meetings with influential politicians and try to convince them

36
Q

Example of a former MP becoming a lobbyist

A

The 2021 greensill scandal saw former pm Cameron lobbying the government for financial firm greensill Capital

In 2021 he repeatedly texted Sunak the Chancellor tasking for an emergency fund for the company

37
Q

What do corporations do to influence government

A

Corporations might be invited by the government to contribute to policy discussions

They lobby the government for favourable conditions of businesses like low taxes

They can threaten to leave the UK

Large multinational company’s like amazon can spread themselves over counties to pay less uk taxes

38
Q

Example of a corporation lobbying

A

Corporations lobbied over brexit

39
Q

What do the media use to influence government

A

Governments are scrutinised by the media

Governments try to get positive reports on themselves

Government figures often have links with key media figures eg Blair and Murdoch in the run up to 1997 election

Support from newspapers can help governments win elections and increase enthusiasm for their policies

40
Q

Are pressure groups good for democracy

A

Pluralism shows pressure groups are good for democracy

Pressure groups allow people to focus on one issue

pressure groups allow people to take part in politics at anytime

many pressure groups have more member than party’s

pressure groups provide government with information and statistics it might not discovered otherwise

41
Q

Are pressure groups bad for democracy

A

The elitist interpretation say pressure groups are undemocratic as it gives a voice to the rich

Pressure groups often have limited internal democracy so don’t represent members

Violent measures go against the rule of law

The new right interpretation was that pressure groups are undemocratic -

Uk Politics (9 decks)

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