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Uk Politics > 8 - Political Party's > Flashcards

8 - Political Party's Flashcards

1
Q

What party system do minor parties want

A

Multi - party system

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2
Q

What year was the conservative party created

A

1834

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3
Q

What conservative leader created one-nation conservatism

A

Benjamin Disraeli (Leader 1868-81)

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4
Q

How many years were the conservatives in charge in the 20th century

A

67 years

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5
Q

What idea dominated the conservative party before 1979

A

one - nation conservatism

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6
Q

Who adopted compassionate conservatism and what was it

A

Adopted by david cameron

Combined thatchers free-market and liberal social and environmental issues

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7
Q

Example of the conservative party showing traditional conservative values

A

johnson’s “War on woke” with home secretary Priti Patel saying taking the knee was “Gesture politics”

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8
Q

What did the conservative party accept before thatcher came in

A

Post-war consensus

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9
Q

What was thatcher impatient of in the conservative party

A

high taxation

Powerful and disruptive unions

Economic stagnation

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10
Q

Example of thatchers confident foreign policy

A

The 1982 falklands war

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11
Q

What did Cameron aim to do when he came in charge in 2006

A

Detoxify their image

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12
Q

What did Theresa May’s 2017 manifesto include

A

Bringing back fox hunting

Removal of free school - meals for 4-7 year olds

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13
Q

What did Johnson want to do in terms of policy after winning the 2019 election

A

He had many populist changes including:
More nurses and police officers

An Australian point system to tackle immigration

A commitment to not raise taxes

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14
Q

What year was the labour party formed

A

1906

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15
Q

What did the first labour party include

A

trade unions and left-wing political groups

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16
Q

What was labours origin

A

Aim was to represent working-class people in parliament

Rejected revolutionary socialism focusing on social democracy

Formed it’s first government in 1929 but din’t get its first majority until 1945

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17
Q

What did the 1945 Labour government do

A

Created the NHS

Created the welfare state

Nationalised many industry’s

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18
Q

What is social democracy

A

The democratic version of socialism, socialists win power within a democracy and introduce changes as high taxation, nationalism and a welfare state

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19
Q

What is Clause IV and when was it introduced

A

Introduced in the 1918 manifesto

Committed labour to nationalising businesses

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20
Q

What was Corbynism and when was it

A

While corbyn was in charge 2015-20

What described as a return to old labour

It advocated for nationalisation, increasing business taxes

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21
Q

What was the “Third way”

A

A new labour idea to centralised politics

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22
Q

What did labour move to after losing the 1979 general

A

Left wing politics

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23
Q

What did Blair do after becoming leader in 1994

A

Tried to triangulate labour policies - creating the third way

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24
Q

What did blair do to clause IV in 1995

A

Removed the parts including Socialist economic policy

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25
Q

What ruined Blair’s reputation in 2003

A

The invasion of IRAQ

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26
Q

What did new leader Ed Miliband do to labour

A

Moved it further left after Brown’s centralised government

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27
Q

What was Corbyn’s labour “story”

A

Was a rebellious backbencher in the Blair Government

Was criticised by papers for bring a radical socialist

Increased their seats in 2017 but dropping a lot in 2019

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28
Q

What is the origin of the Lib Dems

A

Was from the liberal party and the social democratic party

The Liberal party was one of the major parties until labour came after WW1

The SDP was formed in 1981 when 4 labour politicians didn’t like how left the party was going

In 1988 the two parties joined together

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29
Q

What was orange book liberalism

A

A book written by social liberals - these thinkers accepted the free market and did not significantly challenge thatchers economic polices

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30
Q

What is one of the Lib Dems priority’s

A

Electoral reform - They famously won 26% of the vote in 1983 but only got 26 seats

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31
Q

What did the lib-dems do in the 2005 general

A

Won their highest ever 62 seats

This was done by going against the iraq war

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32
Q

What did Nick clegg do as party leader from 2007

A

Gave them their first experience of government in 2010 with their coalition government

He increased tuition fees - the opposite of their manifesto and lost the student voters

The coalition increased economic austerity and reduced public spending - this lead voters to lose trust

They won 8 seats in 2015 and then Clegg resigned

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33
Q

What did the lib-dems do over brexit

A

Campaign for remain

In 2019 Leader Jo Swinson lost her seat after saying they would cancel brexit without a second referendum

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34
Q

What do current lib-dems want

A

Ed Davey was elected leader in 2021, his main priority’s were:

The economy including - Green jobs and Universal basic income

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35
Q

Main economic polices of labour in the 2019 general

A

Nationalisation
fee broadband for every home and business

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36
Q

Main health polices of labour in the 2019 general

A

a 4.3% yearly increase in spending

Investment into mental health

Free dental check ups

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37
Q

Main Tax polices of labour in the 2019 general

A

Increased taxes for high earners

Increase corporation and inheritance tax

Introduce a tax on second homes

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38
Q

Main environmental polices of labour in the 2019 general

A

Carbon neutral by 2030’s

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39
Q

Main economic polices of the conservatives in the 2019 general

A

negotiate new free-trade agreements with other countries

Support small businesses

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40
Q

Main Health polices of the conservatives in the 2019 general

A

50,000 new nurses

More Gp appointments

40 new hospitals

Free hospital parking

Increased charges for non-uk residents to use the NHS

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41
Q

Main tax polices of the conservatives in the 2019 general

A

No increase to income tax, vat or national insurance

Clamp down on tax avoidance and evasion

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42
Q

Main environmental polices of the conservatives in the 2019 general

A

carbon free by 2050

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43
Q

Main economic polices of the Lib-dems in the 2019 general

A

Support small businesses , catering,leisure and the arts

44
Q

Main health polices of the Lib-dems in the 2019 general

A

Add one percent to income tax to fund an extra 7 billion investment a year

Prioritise mental health

45
Q

Main tax polices of the Lib-dems in the 2019 general

A

increase corporate tax slightly

Simplify tax systems and replace business rates system

46
Q

Main enviromental polices of the Lib-dems in the 2019 general

A

Carbon neutral by 2045

47
Q

Functions of political parties

A

Representation
Participation
Recruitment
Policy
Government

48
Q

What is the local and national structure of the conservatives

A

Each constituency has a conservative association who run election campaigns

The national conservative conventions makes decisions for the voluntary party

The 1922 committee is made up of backbenchers

The board of the conservative party is the governing body of the party

49
Q

What is the local and national structure of the labour party

A

Each constituency has a constituency labour party(CLP)

The national Executive committee is the governing part of the party

14 trade unions are affiliated to labour

Many socialist society’s are affiliated to the labour party

50
Q

What is the national and local structure of the lib-dems

A

The lib-dems use a federal structure

Members belong to a local party, a regional party and a national party

The federal board is the governing body of the lib-dems

There is a parliamentary party if the HOC made up by lib-dem MP’s

51
Q

How many members did the conservatives have in 2021

A

200k

52
Q

How many members did the labour party have in 2017 and 2020

A

552k in 2017

496k in 2020

53
Q

How many members did the lib-dems have in 2019

A

115k

54
Q

How do the conservatives vote their party leader

A

Mps vote on leadership candidates until there are 2 left, then the whole party votes on the last 2 candidates

55
Q

How do labour vote their party leader

A

The parliamentary Labour party (PLP) makes nominations: Candidates need 20% of the PLP to vote them to proceed

Candidates need support from 5% of the local parties and trade unions

All members then vote on candidates

56
Q

How do the Lib-Dems vote their party leader

A

A candidate must be a mp and have support of at least 10% of other MP’s and at least 20 local parties

All members vote once candidates are found

57
Q

Why was labours “registered supporters” controversial

A

In 2015 Labour made it so supporters could pay £3 to vote in the leadership election,

more than 100k joined and 84% voted for corbyn

58
Q

What party gives more power to mp’s in the leadership process

A

The conservatives as then it’s less likely for them to argue with the leader

59
Q

What % of mp’s voted for corbyn

A

15.5%

60
Q

What is the procedure to choose parliamentary candidates

A

Potential candidates are approved by the central organisation of the party

The local party selects candidates from the central party list

Constituency members vote to select the parliamentary candidate

61
Q

What are priority lists

A

Centrally prepared lists of priority candidates eg women and different ethnicity’s are offered to local party’s during election time

62
Q

What are public hustings

A

Events where parliamentary candidates answer questions in front of a crowd

63
Q

How do the conservatives establish party policy

A

Top-down process: the leader’s team decides what policy’s go in the manifesto

Delegates at the party do not vote on policy

64
Q

How do the labour party establish party policy

A

The national party forum agrees on the direction of the policy

Polices are then voted on at the party conference

The leader can use personal authority to get policy through

65
Q

How do the Lib-Dems establish party policy

A

The federal policy committee develops policies to be put to the party conference

Any member can make a policy proposal

The conference votes on all the polices and all members can vote

66
Q

is there a lot of income for party’s via membership fees

A

No - income has reduced since the 1980’s

67
Q

Is there a lot of money in small donations from individuals

A

A fall in memberships also meant a fall in small donations

68
Q

Example of a large donation to a party

A

Tony blair’s labour was criticised for accepting a 1m donation from bernie ecclestone in 1997 and then giving f1 an exemption from the ban of tobacco advertisements at sporting events

69
Q

Example of a large donations to the conservatives

A

Members of the elite “Leaders group” of conservative donors gave over 130m to the party between 2010-19, they were given private access to the pm and other ministers

70
Q

How much money did the conservatives get via donation for the 2019 general

A

13m from individuals
6m from businesses

71
Q

What % of donations to the labour party were done via trade unions in 2019

A

93% with just over 5m

72
Q

How can trade unions control labour

A

By adjusting the funding

After corbyn left they reduced their funding by 10% to show they didn’t like the direction they were going

73
Q

Why was state funding made

A

To counter the financial advantage enjoyed the government or parties with big funds

74
Q

What is short money

A

Money given to he opposition parties in the HOC to cover administration costs and to enable effective scrutiny of the government

75
Q

What is the policy development grants

A

Any party with 2+ mps are allocated 2m per year to help develop policies

76
Q

What did the Political parties,elections and referendum act 2000 do

A

Spending limit in general election campaigns (30k per constituency)

Donations over 7.5k must be declared to the electoral commission

77
Q

What did the Political parties and Elections act 2009 do

A

Allowed the electoral commission to investigate cases and impose fines

Increased the requirements for establishing the source of political donations

78
Q

Example of a paper describing a Pm candidate

A

In 2019 the sun called jeremy Corbyn “The most dangerous man ever to stand for high office in britain”

79
Q

How many times did Cameron and Murdoch meet within his first 15 months as pm

A

26 times

80
Q

What are the conservative newspapers

A

The daily mail

The telegraph

81
Q

What are the labour papers

A

The mirror

The guardian

82
Q

How does a party’s leader affect electoral outcomes

A

Media coverage is done manly on the leader

83
Q

How does funding affect electoral outcomes

A

A clear advantage to the conservatives

labour remains dependant on trade unions

Parties have to get donations to have a chance

84
Q

How does policy’s affect electoral outcomes

A

appealing polices (New Labour) have good appeal

poorly crafted polices (May’s 2017 plans) wont get good votes

85
Q

How does records affect electoral outcomes

A

Government’s are judged on their record

In 1997 Major was punished for sleaze

86
Q

How does the media affect electoral outcomes

A

Support from key newspapers such as the sun is helpful

Social media is increasingly important

87
Q

how can an electoral system affect electoral outcomes

A

FPTP favours party’s with concentrated geographical supporter eg, SNP

88
Q

What polices do the SNP have

A

Independence for scotland

Increased public spending mostly on health

End austerity

Scrap trident

89
Q

What is SNP’s impact on the political agenda

A

Won a majority in the 2011 scottish parliament elections

Won 56/59 seats in scotland in 2015

Won another landslide in 2019 with 48 seats

Third largest party in government

90
Q

What polices do UKIP have

A

Keep the UK totally separate from the eu

Anti-immigration

Free speech, free markets

91
Q

What is UKIP’s impact on politics

A

Made in 1993

Won the 2014 european parliament elections

Fears of tory voters swapping to ukip in 2015 the tory’s announced the eu referendum

Won 3.9m votes in 2015

Struggled for a purpose after brexit

Ukip won fewer than 29k votes in 2019 and got no seats

92
Q

What polices do reform Uk have

A

Low-tax economy

Reform public sector, institution and electoral system

Opposition to covid restrictions and lockdowns

93
Q

What impact do reform uk have on politics

A

Founded as the brexit party by farage in 2018

Won the european parliament elections with 31% of the vote

Chose to not contest conservative seats in 2019 so pro-leavers could get seats

Renamed in 2020

94
Q

Key polices of Plaid Cymru

A

Independence for wales

Increased development in wales

95
Q

Impact of plaid cymru on politics

A

Provided a clear voice for wales

Want more public spending

Struggles for media attention after getting 4 seats in the 2019 election

96
Q

Key polices of DUP

A

Northern ireland to remain in the uk

Socially conservative - opposes same sex marriage and abortion

97
Q

Impact of DUP on politics

A

Won 8 seats in the 2019 election

Supported the conservatives between 2017-19 in a confidence and supply deal, is gave them significant influence

Campaigned for brexit

Largest unionist party in Northern Ireland

98
Q

Key polices of Sinn Fein

A

Special status for Northern Ireland’s relationship with the eu

Referendum to join both parts of ireland together

99
Q

Impact of sinn fein on politics

A

Largest nationalist party in northern ireland

Sinn fein’s do not take up their seats in parliament as they don’t think they should be part of the UK.

the party was criticised during may’s minority government as their 7 seats could of helped remainers

100
Q

Key polices of the Green Party

A

Environmental protections and a green economy

Investment in public services

101
Q

Impact of the green party on politics

A

Provides an environmental perspective on all policy areas

Only won 1 seat in 2019

Encourages other parties to develop environmental polices

Helped by the Lib-Dems to win 2 marginal seats in 2017 by green supporters voting lib-dems to keep the tory’s out

102
Q

What is a two-party system

A

Two significant political parties compete for power in a duopoly

A typical product of FPTP

Tends to result in single-party majority governments

103
Q

Evidence of the Uk being a Two - party system

A

Either labour or the conservatives have been in charge since 1922

Since the 1930’s they seem the only party’s who could win

Labour and conservatives got 87% of the seats in 2019

Minority party’s are very rare

the 2017 election was a reintroduction to two-party system with labour and conservatives winning over 80% of the votes for the first time since the 1980’s

104
Q

What is a multi-party system

A

Multiple significant political party’s competing

A typical product of proportional voting systems

tends to result in coalition and minority governments

105
Q

Evidence of the uk being a multi - party system

A

in recent years smaller parties have played a key role: The lib dems in 2010

Smaller parties have had an impact: SNP has made is harder for the conservatives or labour to get a majority

Multiple party’s hold power across the uk and devolved nations

Uk Politics (9 decks)

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