9. Political divisions: the Long Parliament, Pym and the outbreak of civil war Flashcards

Question

Nineteen Propositions

Answer 1

June 42 - Demands issued by parliament for a settlement. Included all privy councillors needing to be approved by Parliament, pardoning of 5 members,acceptance of militia ordinance and triennial act, reformation of church.

Answer 2

Believed King would prevent anarchy and parliaments proposals would lead to chaos and confusion with popular rebellion

Answer 3

Riots and Iconoclasm were growing with radicalism in 1642. Moderates saw this as anarchy and disorder, with the monarch being necessary to prevent this. In september 42, Pym encouraged iconoclasm against popery.

Answer 4

1) Root and Branch Petition (calling for roll back of PR) signed by 15,000 Londoners in Dec. 1640 2) Impeached Laud 1640/41 – one of the ‘evil councillors’ in PR 3) Chose to use Bill of Attainder instead of impeachment for Strafford which meant Pym avoided a verdict in HoL that may have found him not guilty + forced King to take personal responsibility for his death + admit he was wrong 4) Used his vulnerable position when signing the Act of Attainder (only 11 MPs + 59 Lords voted against it) to also make him sign the Act Against Forcible Dissolution – taking away C’s prerogative right of dissolving the Long Pment without consent (by means of a vote - MPs needed to trust him) 5) Propaganda around Irish rebellion 1641 – rumours that C authorised the catholic killings of protestants (not true – all orders to Wentworth – supressing Catholics pre-rebellion - came from Charles) - around 3000 actually killed by Catholics – rumours that 12000 murdered in horrendous ways mainly due to puritan pamphlets – fears of popish plot meant more sided with Pym – gave opp. for him to further weaken C through the Grand Remonstrance 6) Grand Remonstrance – Nov 1641 (whilst C in Scotland so can’t address) – account of C’s reign saying ‘the evils under which we have now many years suffered… are fomented and cherished by a corrupt and ill-affected party (i.e. the king and his supporters)’ – more than 200 complains contained – vote to agree with it or side with C sugg a conference of religious ministers reform the CofE – no episcopal system – root and branch, Bishops and catholic peers to be excluded from the HoL + the commons should investigate + punish those involved in a roman catholic conspiracy to undermine the constitution – only narrowly passed 159 to 148 in favour – 200 MPs abstained or didn’t attend (although meaning they lack support for C), TP – shift towards constitutional change (REFORM) + meant royalist party began to visably form around the king – solidifies the 2 sides – Pym didn’t send to HoL to avoid humiliation – was a moral victory not a legal one 7) 5/2/1642 – Exclusion Bill passed preventing Bishops sitting in HoLs after pressure from the London crowd (who even stopped the Bishops sitting 27/12/1641) – lessened the influence of the King

Answer 5

1) As President of the Council of the North from 1629-1632, strictly enforced Book of Orders + summoned many to the Star Chamber – already disliked 2) As Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1632 – maintained tight control over main power groups by securing a firm control of the army + brought ‘thorough’ and conformity to Ireland 3) C’s most trusted advisor in 1639 – made Earl of Strafford, called back from Ireland to deal with 2nd Bishops’ war 4) Advised C to call Short Pment bc needed an army – but naïve to Pment’s rage around PR issues (been in Ireland) 5) Act of Attainder signed by Charles for his death (on 12/4/41) – forced

Answer 6

1) Act of Revocation – cancelled all grants of royal and church land made since 1540 – took from Scottish land owners – outside his prerogatives – smacks of absolutism, although compromised still inauspicious start to the new reign in Scotland—‘the ground stone of all the mischeiffe that folloued after’ 2) John Eliot and John Seldon considered creating a Bill of Rights (new constitution) when found that faked judgement in case records for 5 Knights case 1627/8 – increased mistrust + C angers influential people – forced loan only affected wealthy land owners (fears also shown in Petition of Right 1628 – but only reiterated existing laws) 3) Shown not to be trusted – Petition of Right 1628 went directly against (e.g. continued to collect tonnage and poundage) – only signed it because he had confirmed with lawyers that he could continue ignoring their ancient demands 4) Remonstrance in the week of 24th June 1628 over C’s continued collection of tonnage and poundage – can’t be trusted, fearful of absolutism 5) Three Resolutions (a protestation issued on 2/3/1629) – John Eliot and Pym, call out Arminian faction + absolutist policies – anyone who brings Arminianism into the CofE, advises the collection of, or paid, tonnage and poundage = ‘capital enemy’ to king and kingdom – condemned these actions, directly stated King’s actions were wrong – caused actual breakdown 6) Charles seen as so untrustworthy that in the Short Pment 1639 – Nathaniel Fiennes was already in touch with the Scottish army – people were colluding behind his back bc of fears of absolutism

Answer 7

1) “Remember that Pment’s are altogether in my power for their calling, sitting an dissolution” – undiplomatic, threatening to protect Buckingham in 1626 Pment 2) In response to the Three Resolutions C: arrested 9 MPs (including Elliot) on charges of treason, wouldn’t call Pment again until issues of religion and finance were guaranteed to work in his favour (caused personal rule 1629-40) 3) Attempted arrest of the 5 MPs – 4/1/1642 – C tries to arrest MPs such as Pym, Haselrig + Hampden as he considered them to be leaders of the opposition (however they were tipped off + escaped) – proved Pym to be right that he would protect his prerogative at all costs increasing fears of absolutism + desires for reform 4) In response to the 19 Propostitions June 1642 – C roundly rejected them and said ‘Pment already held enough power and to cede it any more would breach the historical BoP between the commons, lords and king’ –> Aug 1642 civil war

Answer 8

1) Scottish successfully restrained C’s power in Treaty of Ripon Oct 1640 (after winning 2nd Bishops’ war) – forced him to pay £850 a day toward the expenses of the Scottish army 2) Act Against Forcible Dissolution 1641 (see opposition) 3) Triennial Act – Feb 1641 – King obliged to call Pment every 3 years, if he failed to do so Pment would meet anyway (change in the power structure – precedent – the way legal system ran – set) 4) By summer 1641 – C’s influence was limited + finance - Act preventing collection of Tonnage and Poundage and ending Ship Money - Abolition of Court of Star Chamber + High commission - End to resurrected ‘medieval’ levies such as Forest fines 5) Ten propositions 24/6/1641 – asks for further concessions e.g. Pmentary input into: who was in the Privy council, around the Queen + over the religious education for his children (but support limited – already done enough in removing PR policies + ‘evil counsellors’) 6) Grand remonstrance 1641 (see opp.)

Answer 9

1) See religious reform detail in Grand remonstrance 1641 (opp.) 2) Militia Bill – 7 Dec 1641 by Sir Haselrig – proposed to remove the King’s power over the trained bands and give Pment power to appoint army commanders – transformative – directly challenged + attempted to transfer C’s prerogatives onto Pment 3) Issued on ordinance (passed by commons not assented by King) in Feb 1642 4) See Exclusion Bill (opp.) 5) Nineteen Propositions – June 1642 – included that: all privy councillors to be approved by Pment, 5 impeached MPs to be pardoned, C to accept the Triennial Act + Militia Ordinance, Pment would direct a reformation of the Church