9. PAI

Question 1

What are personality disorders characterised by?

Answer 1

persistent/pervasive (>2yrs) problems in
SELF-FUNCTION (identity)
INTERPERSONAL FUNCTION (relationships)

Question 2

What is the DSM-5 criteria for BPD?

Answer 2

1. avoid abandonment
2. unstable interpersonal relationships
3. identity disturbance
4. impulsivity (at least 2 areas that are self damaging)
5. recurrent suicidal behaviour
6. Affective instability (reactive mood)
7. emptiness
8. intense anger - difficulty controlling
9. Stress-related paranoid ideation/ dissociative symptoms

Question 3

What are to similarities in the ICD-11 and DSM-5 in terms of personality assessment

Answer 3

1. Distinguish level of functioning

2. Identify personality domain traits

Question 4

What are the 7 guiding principles to personality assessment?

Answer 4

1. Remember to assess PD
2. Consider using new dimensional models
3. Assess both acute and long-term patterns
4. Evaluate wide range of past and present contextual factors
5. Gather information from client and others close to them
6. Focus on problematic behaviours, thoughts and feeling = targets for treatment
7. Determine strengths/resources for change and areas of potential difficulty

Question 5

What are some examples of screening measures for personality assessment?

Answer 5

SAPAS - standardised assessment of personality abbreviation scale

MSI-BPD - McLean screening instrument

PID-5-SF - Personality inventory for DSM-5 Short Form

Question 6

What are some examples of detailed personality assessment measurements?

Answer 6

MMPI-2-RF: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2-Restructured Form

MCMI: Millon Clinical Multiaxial inventory

PAI: Personality assessment inventory

Question 7

Describe the PAI

Answer 7

Multi-dimension measure
344 items
Takes <60 mins
For adults 18-89 Adolescent version 12-18 PAI-A
Uses T scores (2SD above mean (50T) = clinical (70T))

Question 8

What are the four domains of the PAI?

Answer 8

Validity scales
Clinical scales
Treatment scales
Interpersonal scales

These four domains make up 22 scales

Question 9

What are the four steps to PAI interpretation?

Answer 9

1. Assess validity (validity scale)
2. Choose reference sample (reference sample)
3. Examine individual scales and sub-scales (clinical/treatment scales)
4. Profile configuration (mean profile comparisons)

Question 10

What % of PAI needs to be completed for interpretation?

Answer 10

95% (17 items)

Question 11

What are the validity scales and indexes of the PIA?

Answer 11

Scales:
Inconsistency ICN
Infrequency IFN
Negative impression NIM
Positive impression PIM

Indexes:
Identifying Negative Distortions
Identifying Positive Distortions

Question 12

What are some reference samples used in the PAI?

Answer 12

Community sample
clinical sample
Older adults
Law enforcement

Question 13

What are the clinical scales in the PAI?

Answer 13

SOM (somatic complaints)
ANX (anxiety)
ARD (anxiety-related)
DEP
MAN (mania)
PAR
SCZ
BOR
ANT
ALC (alcohol problems)
DRG 

Scales also have subscales

Question 14

What are the treatment scales in the PAI?

Answer 14

AGG (aggression)
SUI (suicidal ideation)
STR (stress)
NON (nonsupport)
RXR (treatment rejection)

Question 15

What are the interpersonal scales in the PAI?

Answer 15

DOM (dominance)

WRM (warmth)

Question 16

Describe the IPOP-A

Answer 16

Interview of Personality Organisation Processes in Adolescents

• Semi-structured interview
• 12-19
• 41 items
• 60 mins
• Assesses; identify formation, object relations/quality of interpersonal relationships, affect regulation
• Considers adolescents in three stages (early 12-14, middle 15-16, late 17-19)

Question 17

What are some interview measures for Personality assessment?

Answer 17

SCID-5-PD
STIPO - Structured interview of personality organisation
IPOP-A - Interview of Personality Organisation Processes in Adolescents