9. P I - Introduction to Developmental Milestones Flashcards
What are the four developmental domains?
Gross motor - moving in the enviroment
Fine motor/vision - manipulating the environment
Speech, language, hearing - interacting with the environment
Social and emotional - reacting with the environment
What are the following primitive reflexes and when do we expect them to disappear?
Rooting - ..., disappear by ...
Palmar grasp - ..., disappear by ...
Asymmetric tonic neck - ..., disappear by ...
Moro - ..., disappear by ...
Placing - ..., disappear by ...
What are the following primitive reflexes and when do we expect them to disappear?
Rooting - stroke side of cheek, the baby opens mouth and turn head to that side, disappear by 4months
Palmar grasp - they just grab whatever is in their palms, disappear by 4months
Asymmetric tonic neck - turn head one way and arm on opposite direction come up & arm on face direction straightens, disappear by 6months
Moro - prop baby up towards you, lower them quickly, reflex is to throw arms out fast, grasp, and bring in, disappear by 6months
Placing - brush under feet, they step up and stand. Brush top of their toes and they walk, disappear by 6months
What are the secondary postural reflexes?
Emerge after ... months. Include:..., in the opposite direction of force...., in the same direction as force, ... and ....
What are the secondary postural reflexes?
Emerge after 4 months. Include:head righting, in the opposite direction of force.protection reactions, in the same direction as force, parachute and sideways propping.
What are the following gross motor landmarks?
Birth - ... as ..., and ... (...).
6 weeks - ....
3 months - ...
6 months - ...
9 months - ..., ...
12 months - ...
2 years - ..., ...
3 years - ...
4 years - ...
5 years - ...
5-6 years - ... which indicates ...
What are the following gross motor landmarks?
Birth - head up briefly when prone as head moves side to side as muscles aren't developed, and head lag (head drops when pulled up).
6 weeks - head up at 45degrees.
3 months - push up with straight elbows
6 months - sit up
9 months - stand up, crawl
12 months - walk
2 years - walk up stairs, one foot at a time, climb onto furniture
3 years - walk down stairs
4 years - adult like up stairs
5 years - adult like down stairs
5-6 years - skipping which indicates good connection between brain hemispheres
What are the red flags for gross motor milestones?
...... -> ......... -> ...
What are the red flags for gross motor milestones?
Stiff-legged gaitFloppy or limp posture -> trouble sitting in a chairPrefers one side of the bodyClumsy, trips, bumps into things -> poor cerebral development?
What are the fine motor/vision milestones?
Birth - ...
6 weeks - ..., ...
2 months - ..., can bring ...
3 months - ..., can ...
4 months - ...
9 months - ...
12 months - ..., ...
18 months - makes ..., can ...
2 years - makes ..., can ...
3 years - can ..., can use ...
4 years - can ..., can use ...
5 years - can ...
6 years - can ...
What are the fine motor/vision milestones?
Birth - fixes on parent's face
6 weeks - hands together in midline, follows until midline
2 months - hand regard, can bring hands to midline
3 months - grasps rattles, can follow through 360degrees
4 months - transfer objects between hands
9 months - development of thumb-finger grasp
12 months - pincer grip, scribbles
18 months - makes tower of 3, can turn individual pages
2 years - makes tower of 5, can imitate verticle/circular scribble
3 years - can copy circles, can use buttons
4 years - can copy crosses, can use zips
5 years - can draw 3 part man
6 years - can draw 6 part man
What are the important tests for a childs vision and at what age can we do them?
(3 ages + tests)
Birth - tracking, red and light reflexes, and cover test
2+ years - picture charts and tumbling E chart
6+ years - Snellen chart
What are the red flags for fine motor and vision milestones?
Fine motor - ... tends to indicate ... or ...
Vision - ..., ..., ..., ..., ...
What are the red flags for fine motor and vision milestones?
Fine motor - handedness develops before 1 year tends to indicate cerebral palsy or increased/decreased tone on one half of the body
Vision - doesn't track, holds head in odd positions, rubs eyes frequently, eyes crossed or turned, no red reflex
What are the speech/language/hearing milestones?
Birth - ..., ...
6 weeks - ...
4 months - ..., ...
6 months - ..., ...
9 months - ...
1 year - ...
2 years - ..., ...
3 years - ...
4 years - ..., ...
What are the speech/language/hearing milestones?
Birth - vocalisations, startles to noise
6 weeks - quieting to parent's voice
4 months - laughter, squealing
6 months - babbling, turns to voice
9 months - says 'mama' or 'dada'
1 year - a few more words
2 years - joins two words, identifies body parts
3 years - joins three words
4 years - joins four words, recognises colours
What are the red flags for speech/language/hearing milestones?
Speech - ..., ...
Hearing - ... and ...
What are the red flags for speech/language/hearing milestones?
Speech - no words by 2, not understandable by strangers by 3
Hearing - doesn't startle/no response and unable to follow directions after 3 years
What are the social and emotional milestones?
Birth - ...
6 weeks - ...
3 months - ...
4 months - ...
6 months - ..., ... as ...
9 months - ...
12 months - ...
18 months - ..., ..., ...
2 years - ...
3 years - ...
4 years - ..., ...
What are the social and emotional milestones?
Birth - face regard
6 weeks - smiles responsively
3 months - smiles spontaneously
4 months - laughing
6 months - feeds self crackers, shy with strangers as realises not everyone in the world is parent and might be perceived as a threat to them
9 months - indicates wants
12 months - waves bye-bye
18 months - imitates housework, feeds self with spoon, separation anxiety
2 years - symbolic play
3 years - plays alongside, mimicking
4 years - playing with others, separating from parent
What are the red flags for speech/language/hearing milestones?
..., might be in a position where ..., could indicate ... or the like
.........
What are the red flags for speech/language/hearing milestones?
Doesn't seek love and attention, might be in a position where they're not loved or protected or lack social communication, could indicate autism or the like
Avoids eye contactHappy to play on ownAggressive/unusual behaviour
Putting it all together - birth
Gross motor - ...
Fine motor/vision - ...
Speech/language/hearing - ... and ...
Social/emotional - ...
Putting it all together - birth
Gross motor - lifts head briefly when prone
Fine motor/vision - fixes on parent's face
Speech/language/hearing - startles and stills
Social/emotional - cries
Putting it all together - 6 weeks
Gross motor - ...
Fine motor/vision - ...
Speech/language/hearing - ...
Social/emotional - ...
Putting it all together - 6 weeks
Gross motor - head up at 45 degree
Fine motor/vision - hands together in midline
Speech/language/hearing - vocalises
Social/emotional - smiles responsively
Putting it all together - 3 months
Gross motor - ...
Fine motor/vision - ...
Speech/language/hearing - ... and ...
Social/emotional - ...
Putting it all together - 3 months
Gross motor - lifts with straight arms
Fine motor/vision - grasps rattle
Speech/language/hearing - laughs and squeals
Social/emotional - smiles spontaneously
