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Neurobiology > 9. Neurotransmitters an receptors > Flashcards

9. Neurotransmitters an receptors Flashcards

1
Q

2 cationic transmitters and what do they depend on for vesicle packaging?

A

monoamines and ACh

depend on ΔpH

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2
Q

What does glutamate depend on for vesicle packaging?

A

glutamate uses primarily the electrical component (ΔΨ).

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3
Q

3 Examples of vesicle transporter proteins

A

Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT) (2, 3)
Vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT)
Vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1)
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT)

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4
Q

4 criteria of a neurotransmitter

A

Present in presynaptic terminal with synthesis machinery and specialized vesicular transporter.
Released upon presynaptic stimulation.
When added to extracellular fluid should mimic effects of presynaptic stimulation.
A mechanism for removal of neurotransmitter

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5
Q

Examples of classical neurotransmitters

A 
Ach
Dopamine
Adrenaline
Serotonin
Noradrenaline
GABA
Glutamate
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6
Q

Examples of neuropeptide neurotransmitters

A 
Substance P
Endorphins
Enkephalins
Vasopressin
Oxytocin
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7
Q

Examples of ‘other’ neurotransmitters

A

NO
Adenosine
ATP

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8
Q

What is specialization?

A

neurons of certain type are only able to make specific kinds of neurotransmitters

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9
Q

What is developmental switch?

A

Neurons can change the neurotransmitters they synthesize

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10
Q

What do temporal characteristics of the neurotransmitter

depend on?

A

kinetics of receptor:
binding of ligand (transmitter)
activation of receptor
desensitization of receptor

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11
Q

What does operating range of transmitter concentration

depend on?

A

affinity of receptor - EC50

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12
Q

Why can we not define neurotransmitters as inhibitory or excitatory?

A

excitatory or inhibitory action of any signalling molecule
can be defined only in relation to some physiological /biochemical process

Action of neurotransmitter will be determined by functional properties of the corresponding receptors expressed in the particular cell/tissue

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13
Q

3-unit structure channel example

A

P2X receptors

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14
Q

4-unit structure channel example

A

glutamate receptors

Na-channels

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15
Q

5-unit structure channel example

A

nAch receptors

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16
Q

How does Ach cause a conformational change in the nicotinic receptor?

A

Binding of two molecules causes twisting of the M2 helices so bulky Leu side chains are replaced by smaller, polar residues lining the channel.

17
Q

What are the 3 types of glutamate receptor?

A

AMPA
NMDA
metabotropic

18
Q

Why are NMDA receptors not active at resting potential?

A

Mg++ block

19
Q

Two types of GABA receptors

A 
GABA A (ionotropic)
GABA B (metabotropic)

Neurobiology (8 decks)

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