9-Muscle Metabolism

Question 0

ATP hydrolizationton ADP

Answer 0

1) Interaction of ADP with creatine phosphate.
2) Formed stored glycogen via the anaerobic pathway called glycolysis.
3) By aerobic respiration

Question 1

Stored ATP

Answer 1

Provides energy for cross bridge movement and detachment and for operation of calcium pumps.
Muscles store limited amounts of ATP. Only energy source. ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Question 2

Direct phosphorylation of ADP by Creatine Phosphate

Answer 2

Unique high energy molecule stored in muscles, is tapped to regenerateATP while metabolic pathways are adjusting to suddenly higher demands for ATP. Result of coupling CP with ADP is almost instant transfer for energy nada phosphate group from CP to ADP to for ATP.

Question 3

Creatine kinase

Answer 3

Enzyme, CP-ADP reaction caused by this.

Question 4

Glycolysis

Answer 4

Initial phase of glucose respiration.

Pg302
Occurs in both presence and absence of oxygen, does not use oxygen, which makes it anaerobic.

Question 5

Pyruvic acid

Answer 5

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvic acid molecules, releasing enough energy to form small amounts of ATP.

Question 6

Lactic acid

Answer 6

Most pyruvic acid produced during glycolysis is converted into lactic acid.

Question 7

Anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 7

Pg 302

Question 8

Aerobic respiration

Answer 8

Occurs in the mitochondria, requires oxygen, and involves a sequence of chemical reactions in which the bonds of fuel molecules are broken and the energy is used to make ATP.

Question 9

Aerobic endurance

Answer 9

Length of time a muscle can contract using aerobic pathways.

Question 10

Anaerobic threshold

Answer 10

Point at which muscle metabolism converts to anaerobic glycolysis.

Question 11

Muscle Fatigue

Answer 11

State of physiological inability to contract even though the muscle still may be receiving stimuli.

Question 12

Contracture

Answer 12

Availability of ATP declines during contraction and a total lack of ATP results in contracture a, states of continuous contraction because the cross bridges are unable to detach.

Question 13

Oxygen debt

Answer 13

Defined as the extra amount of oxygen that the body must take in for these restorative processes. Represents difference between the amount of oxygen needed for totally aerobic muscle activity and the amount actually used.

Question 14

Internal tension

Answer 14

Stretches the series elastic (noncontractile) components.

Myofibrils.

Question 15

External tension

Answer 15

(Internal tension) These in turn become taut and transfer their tension.
When contraction ends, their recoil helps to return the muscle to its resting length.

Question 16

Length tension relationship

Answer 16

Occurs when a muscle is slightly stretched and the thick and thin filaments overlap optimally, because this permits sliding along the entire length of the thin filaments.