9-Muscle Metabolism Flashcards
ATP hydrolizationton ADP
1) Interaction of ADP with creatine phosphate.
2) Formed stored glycogen via the anaerobic pathway called glycolysis.
3) By aerobic respiration
Stored ATP
Provides energy for cross bridge movement and detachment and for operation of calcium pumps.
Muscles store limited amounts of ATP. Only energy source. ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Direct phosphorylation of ADP by Creatine Phosphate
Unique high energy molecule stored in muscles, is tapped to regenerateATP while metabolic pathways are adjusting to suddenly higher demands for ATP. Result of coupling CP with ADP is almost instant transfer for energy nada phosphate group from CP to ADP to for ATP.
Creatine kinase
Enzyme, CP-ADP reaction caused by this.
Glycolysis
Initial phase of glucose respiration.
Pg302
Occurs in both presence and absence of oxygen, does not use oxygen, which makes it anaerobic.
Pyruvic acid
During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvic acid molecules, releasing enough energy to form small amounts of ATP.
Lactic acid
Most pyruvic acid produced during glycolysis is converted into lactic acid.
Anaerobic glycolysis
Pg 302
Aerobic respiration
Occurs in the mitochondria, requires oxygen, and involves a sequence of chemical reactions in which the bonds of fuel molecules are broken and the energy is used to make ATP.
Aerobic endurance
Length of time a muscle can contract using aerobic pathways.
Anaerobic threshold
Point at which muscle metabolism converts to anaerobic glycolysis.
Muscle Fatigue
State of physiological inability to contract even though the muscle still may be receiving stimuli.
Contracture
Availability of ATP declines during contraction and a total lack of ATP results in contracture a, states of continuous contraction because the cross bridges are unable to detach.
Oxygen debt
Defined as the extra amount of oxygen that the body must take in for these restorative processes. Represents difference between the amount of oxygen needed for totally aerobic muscle activity and the amount actually used.
Internal tension
Stretches the series elastic (noncontractile) components.
Myofibrils.