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chemistry IGCSE > 9 Metals > Flashcards

9 Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Uses of aluminium

A

Manufacture of aircraft: low density
Manufacture of overhead
electrical cables: low density
and good electrical conductivity
Food containers: resistance to corrosion

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2
Q

Uses of copper

A

electrical wiring because of its good electrical conductivity and ductility

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3
Q

alloy

A

mixture of a metal with other elements

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4
Q

Brass

A

Alloy - mixture of copper and zinc

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5
Q

Stainless stell

A

Alloy - mixture of iron and elements such as chromium, nickel and carbon

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6
Q

Why are alloys sometimes more useful than pure metals?

A

Alloys can be harder and stronger than the pure metals

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7
Q

Use of stainless steel

A

Cutlery: hardness and resistance to rusting

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8
Q

Why are alloys harder and stronger than pure metals?

A

the different sized atoms in alloys mean the layers can no longer slide over each other as easily.

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9
Q

Order of reactivity series

A

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
ZInc
Iron
Lead
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold

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10
Q

Potassium reaction with cold water

A

Potassium + water –> potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2

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11
Q

Sodium reaction with cold water

A

Sodium + water –> sodium hydroxide and hydrogen
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

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12
Q

Calcium reaction with cold water

A

Calcium + water –> calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
Ca + 2H2O –> Ca(OH)2 + H2

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13
Q

Alkali metal + water –>

A

alkali metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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14
Q

Metal + steam –>

A

Metal oxide + hydrogen

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15
Q

magnesium reaction with steam

A

Magnesium + steam –> magnesium oxide + hydrogen

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16
Q

When does a metal not reactive with acid?

A

When the metal is less reactive than hydrogen

17
Q

Metal + acid –>

A

Salt + hydrogen gas

18
Q

Zinc reaction with hydrochloric acid

A

Zinc + hydrochloric acid –> zinc chloride + hydrogen
Zn + HCl –> ZnCl2 + H2

19
Q

Magnesium reaction with hydrochloric acid

A

Magnesium + hydrochloric acid –> magnesium chloride + hydrogen
Mg(s) + 2HCl –> MgCl2 + H2

20
Q

Copper reaction with hydrochloric acid

A

No reaction. Copper is less reactive than hydrogen in the reactivity series.

21
Q

What does the reactivity of a metal mean?

A

a metals tendency to form postive ions. The more reactive a metal is, the more easily it forms positive ions.

22
Q

What metal is the reducing agent during a displacement reaction?

A

More reactive metals are the reducing agent.

23
Q

why does aluminium seem unreactive?

A

metal reacts with oxygen initially to form Al2O3. this oxide forms a protective layer and prevents aluminium from reacting with water, acids, etc.

24
Q

Describe the extraction of iron in a blast furnace

A

1) the burning of carbon (coke) to provide heat
and produce carbon dioxide
2) the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide
3) the reduction of iron(III) oxide by carbon monoxide
4) the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate /limestone to produce calcium oxide
5) the formation of slag

25
Q

What is aluminium ore called and how is it extracted

A

Bauxite - extracted by electrolysis

26
Q

the symbol equations for the extraction of iron from hematite

A

1) C + O2 –> CO2
2) C + CO2 –> 2CO
3) Fe2O3 + 3CO –> 2Fe + 3CO2
4) CaCO3 –> CaO + CO2
5) CaO + SiO2 –> CaSiO3

27
Q

Role of cryolite in extraction of aluminium from aluminium oxide

A

decreases the melting point (to 950C) and increases the conductivity of molten aluminium oxide

28
Q

Why do the carbon anodes nead to be placed regulary during aluminium ore extraction?

A

Oxygen forms at the anode and reacts with the carbon anode to form carbon dioxide - corroding the anode.

29
Q

half equation of the extraction of aluminium oxide

A

Al+3(aq) + 3e- –> Al(s)

30
Q

Oxidation half equation of the extraction of aluminium oxide

A

2O-2(aq) –> O2(g) + 4e-

31
Q

Conditions required for the rusting of steel and iron to form hydrated iron(III) oxide

A

water and oxygen (which we see as rust)

32
Q

Common barrier methods to prevent rusting

A

Painting, greasing, and coating with plastic

33
Q

How do barrier methods prevent rusting?

A

By stopping the water and oxygen getting to the iron

34
Q

what is zinc galvanisation

A

applying a protective zinc coating to iron or steel to prevent rusting.

chemistry IGCSE (17 decks)

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