9) Language and culture Flashcards
What are some linguistic elements that characterize and distinguish for example a German and American students’ use of language?
topic (what to talk about), agonism (using an adversarial format to accomplish goals other than literal fighting), amplitude, pitch, tone of voice, intonation, overlap, turn-taking, indirectness, framing
Name some of the culture influences, that can affect the words, expressions, intonation patterns, turn-talking habits, etc.
geographic region, ethnic groups, social class, gender, profession, sexual orientation, etc.
What is framing?
the way speakers communicate what they think they are doing in a particular interchange, and therefore how to interpret what they say
What does a metamessage?
it signals what people think they are doing when they speak úarticular words in particular ways in particular contexts - everything said in a conversation includes clues to how listeners should interpret the words spoken, so that participants understand not only what is said but also what is going on
What does the concept of framing show?
that language and culture are inseparable
How do we signal metamessages?
by how we say what we mean - tone of voice, rate of speech, loudness
What are contextualization cues?
they signal the context in which speakers intend their utterances
What is complementory schismogenesis?
the more two people with differing styles interact, the more frustrated they become - what happens is complementary schismogenesis, which is a process by which two speakers drive one another to more and more extreme expressions o divergent ways of speaking in an ever-widening spiral
What is languaculture?
language and culture, in order to emphasize the inseparability
What is the Saphir-Wolf hypothesis?
the claim that language shapes thinking
Name weak and strong form of Saphir-Worf hypothesisq
linguistic relativity, linguistic determinism
What are the two terms connected to translating from one language to another?
exuberances, deficiencies
What are exuberances?
the many meanings that are added by the translation which do not exist in the original language
What are deficiencies?
the many meanings that are lost in translation because the second language does not have words or grammatical categories to express the,m
