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Kin 2252 > 9-HAND > Flashcards

9-HAND Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the hand (4)

A
  • Grasp power
  • Pinch precision
  • Feel
  • Communicate
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2
Q

The hand must have (4)

A
  1. Strong mobile framework
  2. Non-slip, pliable gripping surface
  3. Strong muscles without bulk
  4. Sensitivity- external and internal environment for control
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3
Q

Skin: (4)

A
  1. Ridges
  2. Sweat glands
  3. Fibrous septa
  4. Fat between septa under pressure * no room for expansion if needed
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4
Q

Finger movements:

A

Abduction & adduction

Extension & flexion

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5
Q

Difference between extrinsic muscles and intrinsic muscles

A

Extrinsic originates from the forearm and have long tendons that insert onto the hand whereas intrinsic originates inside the hand onto the hand

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6
Q

Muscles that flex the fingers from the forearm (AKA extrinsic finger flexors)

A
  1. Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

2. Flexor Digitorum Profundus

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7
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus, superior half of the anterior border of the radius
Insertion: Shafts of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Innervation: Median Nerve (C7 &C8, T1)
Action: Flexes middle phalanges at the PIP joints.
With strong contractions, can also flex MCP joints, and the wrist joint

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8
Q

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

A

Origin: proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5
Innervation: Medial part: ulnar nerve(C8 & T1); Lateral part: anterior interosseous branch of median nerve (C8 & T1)
Action: Flexes distal phalanges at distal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits.
Assists with flexion of the wrist.

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9
Q

Muscles that extend the fingers from the forearm (AKA extrinsic finger extensors):

A
  1. Extensor Digitorum
  2. Extensor Indicis
  3. Extensor Digiti Minimi
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10
Q

Extensor Digitorum

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Extensor expansions of medial four digits
Innervation: Deep Branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)
Action: Extends medial four digits at metacarpophalangeal joints;
Extends hand at wrist joint

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11
Q

Extensor Digiti Minimi

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Extensor expansion of 5th digit
Innervation: Deep Branch of the radial nerve (C7 & C8)
Action: Extends the 5th digit at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.

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12
Q

Extensor Indicis (2nd digit)

A

Origin: Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
Innervation: Posterior interesseous nerve (C7 & C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7 & C8)
Action: Extends 2nd digit and helps to extend hand at the wrist joint

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13
Q

Thumb movements:

A
  1. Abduction & Adduction
  2. Extension & flexion
  3. Opposition & reposition
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14
Q

Muscles acting on the thumb from the forearm (AKA Extrinsic thumb muscles)

A
  1. Flexor Pollicis Longus
  2. Abductor Pollicis Longus
  3. Extensor Pollicis Longus
  4. Extensor Pollicis Brevis
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15
Q

Flexor Pollicis Longus

A

Origin: Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8 & T1)
Action: Flexes phalanges of 1st digit

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16
Q

Abductor Pollicis Longus

A

Origin: Posterior surfaces of ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal
Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 & C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve
Action: Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint

17
Q

Extensor Pollicis Longus

A

Origin: Posterior surface of middle 1/3 ulna and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 & C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve
Action:Extends distal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal and interphalangeal joints

18
Q

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

A

Origin: Posterior surfaces of radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 & C8), the continuation of deep branch of the radial nerve
Action: Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint

19
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles and how many of each

A
  1. Interossei (7)
  2. Lumbricals (4)
  3. Thenar (4)
  4. Hypothenar (4)
    Total :19
20
Q

Interossei muscles (7)

A

3 palmar & 4 dorsal

Origin: shafts of the metacarpals
Insertion: Bone & extensor expansion of the proximal phalanges of 2-5
Innervation: Deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Action: adduct & abduct, flex & extend ( at MP and IP joint)

21
Q

Lumbricals muscles (4)

A

Origin: (1st and 2nd) Lateral two tendons of FDP (as unipennate muscle)
(3rd and 4th) Medial three tendons of FDP (bipennate muscle)
Insertion: lateral sides of the extensor expansions of the 2nd-5th digits.
Innervation: (1&2) median nerve (C8,T1). (3 &4) deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8, T1).
Action: Flexes MCPs, and extend IP joints 2nd-5th digits

22
Q

Hypothenars muscles (=pinky intrinsics)

A

Origin: medial pillars of flexor retinaculum & retinaculum
Insertion: 1) Abductor digiti minimi
2) Flexor Digiti Minimi
3) Opponents Digiti Minimi
Nerve: Ulnar

23
Q

Palmaris Brevis (hypothenar)

A
  • Muscle located in the subcutaneous tissue of the hypothenar eminence
  • Deepens the hollow of the palm to aid in a palmar grip
  • Protects ulnar artery and nerve
24
Q

Thenar muscles (4)

A

Origin: lateral pillars flexors retinaculum & retinaculum
Insertion: 1) Abductor pollicis
2) Flexor Pollicis Brevis
3) Opponents Pollicis
Nerve: median

25
Q

Adductor Pollicis (thenar)

A

Origin: anterior ridge of 3rd metacarpal
Insertions: anteriomedial base of proximal phalanx
Action: adduct
can flex thumb MP joint also
Nerve: Ulnar
2 heads: transverse, oblique (radial artery passes between)

26
Q

Palmar aponeurosis

A

Thick Triangle

  • septa on each side
  • thenar compartment
  • Hypothenar compartment
  • Adductor compartment
27
Q

Extensor Digitorum Tendon

A
  • middle slip & 2 lateral bands
  • held together by transversely running fibres
  • Mallet injury
28
Q

Mallet injury

A
  • Caused by Direct force to the tip of the finger

- Avulsion of extensor tendon at the DIP

29
Q

Nerves supply of the hand

A

Ulnar
Median
Radial

30
Q

Ulnar nerve:

A

-Enters anterior to retinaculum between pisiform and hook of hamate

Branches:

1) superficial , palmaris brevis, 3 digital (1.5 fingers)
2) deep- most intrinsic muscles

31
Q

Median nerve:

A

-enters deep to retinaculum mid- point of wrist

Branches:
1) common digital - 7 digital (2.5 fingers & thumb)
- 2 lumbricals
2) Recurrent
all thenar muscles except adductor policis

32
Q

Radial Nerve:

A

-enters dorsum of hand via snuff box

Branches: supply skin only (as far as PIP joints)

33
Q

Carpal tunnel

A

-Created by the Flexor Retinaculum
- 4 pillars: Hook of the hamate
Pisiform
Ridge of the trapezium
Scaphoid tubercle
-contains 9 tendons & 1 Nerve
-Flexion will decrease size of the tunnel. Extreme extension will also decrease the size of the tunnel.

34
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

caused by pressure on the median nerve

35
Q

Collateral ligaments of the MCPs

A

Extension- fibers are lax

Flexion- fibers are taut

36
Q

Mobility of CMC joints

A 
I Mobile- trapezium
II stable- trapezoid and trapezium
III stable- Trapezoid and capitate
IV mobile (15-30 deg flexion)- hamate and capitate
V mobile(15-30 deg flexion)- hamate
37
Q

The snuff box

A

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Kin 2252 (9 decks)

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