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Kin 2252 > 11-SPINE AND AXIAL SKELETON > Flashcards

11-SPINE AND AXIAL SKELETON Flashcards

1
Q

State the vertebrae parts and the number of vertebrae carry

A 
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacrum (5 vertebrae)
Coccyx (1 vertebrae)
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2
Q

Write the vertebrae in increasing size of body.

A

Cervical, thoracic and lumbar

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3
Q

Has a long & pointy spinous process

A

thoracic

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4
Q

has a short, thick & blunt spinous process

A

Lumbar

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5
Q

Has a C3-C6 BIFID spinous process

A

Cervical

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6
Q

Articulation between the atlas (C1) and the occipital bone

A

Atlanto- Occipital joint

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7
Q

Atlanto-Occipital joint: type, subtype and action

A

Synovial, condyloid
Flexion-extension (10-15 deg)
Slight lateral motion

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8
Q

Articulation of the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2)

A

Atlantoaxial joint

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9
Q

Atlantoaxial joint: type, subtype and action

A

Synovial, pivot

Rotation of head- 50 deg

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10
Q

Luschka’s joint

Articulation between vertebral body of C3- C7 and the uncinate process

A

Unconvertebral joint

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11
Q

Unconvertebral joint: types and action

A

Synovial and cartilaginous
Flexion and extension
Some rotation

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12
Q

Special joints of the thoracic vertebrae

A

Costovertebral joint

Costotranverse joint

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13
Q

Costovertebrae joint and costotransverse joint

A
  • Articulation between the head of the rib and the body of the thoracic vertebrae
  • Articulation between the tubercle of the rib and the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae
  • Synovial plane joints
  • they allow small degree of gliding to move the ribs superiorly and posteriorly, to increase the volume of the rib cage.
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14
Q

Articulation between the inferior articulating facet of the superior vertebrae to the superior articulating facet of the inferior vertebrae

A

Zygapophyseal (facet) joint

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15
Q

Zygapophyseal (facet) joint: type and action

A

synovial
Guide and limits movement of the segments of the spinal column- Prevents hyper-extension, hyperflexion and herniation of intervertebral discs

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16
Q

Articulation between adjacent vertebral bodies

A

Intervertebral joint

17
Q

Intervertebral joint: type and movement

A

Cartilaginous

Minimal/slight movement

18
Q

Articulation between L5 and the first segment of the sacrum S1 (L5- S1)

A

Lumbrosacral joint

19
Q

Lumbrosacral joint: type and movement

A

Cartilaginous-symphysis

Slight movement

20
Q

Articulation between the coxal bone and the sacrum (as we age, this joint solidifies, children have more movement)

A

Sacroiliac joint

21
Q

Sacroiliac joint: type, movement

A

Synovial-plane for children
Cartilaginous- Adult
Very slight movement

22
Q

Spine range of motion

A

Flexion & extension (-30- 90)
Lateral flexion (30)
Rotation (30)

23
Q

AKA inverterbral cartilage and is a cartilaginous joint (shock absorber)

A

Intervertebral disc

24
Q

Each disc consists of an _______ (several layers of fibrocartilage) and an _________ (loose fibers suspended in a mucoprotein gel)

A

outer annulus fibrous, inner nucleus pulposes

25
Q

How does an herniated disc happen?

A

Compressed nerve root

26
Q

Explain the S shape of the vertebral column

A

Cervical spine: 20-40 degrees
Thoracic spine: 20-40 degrees
Lumbar spine: 30-50 degrees

27
Q

What kind of curve development occurs when an infant lifts their head or learns to walk?

A

Lordotic curve- concave development

28
Q

What kind of curve development occurs during fetal development?

A

Kyphotic curve- convex development

29
Q

State the 5 spinal ligaments

A
  1. Cruciate
  2. Interspinous
  3. ligamentum flava
  4. Anterior & posterior longitudinal
  5. supraspinous
30
Q

position and function of the cruciate ligament (cross-shaped ligament)

A

tranverse ligament(on atlas) strongest part of cruciate lig
Vertical fibres attach to the occipital bone and to the body of the axis
Function: hold dens in place against atlas

31
Q

Position and function of the interspinous ligament

A

Connects adjacent posterior spines
large angle of obliquity
Function: limit flexion, helps facet joints stay in contact

32
Q

Position and function of ligamentum flava

A

Connects laminae of vertebrae
80% elastin (stretchy), 20% collagen (strong)
Function: limits flexion, highly elastic,
elastin prevents buckling into the spinal canal during extension

33
Q

Position and function of anterior & posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Ribbon-like ligaments
Attach at vertebral bodies and annulus
Function: anterior resists excessive extension
posterior resists excessive flexion

34
Q

Position and function of supraspinous ligament

A

Connects tips of spinous process

Function: resists excessive flexion

Kin 2252 (9 decks)

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