9- Clinical and pathological changes seen in bacterial infections Flashcards
Define pathogenicity
The ability of a microbe to damage a host
Define virulence
the relative capacity of a pathogen to damage a host
What are virulence factors
The bacterial traits that confer pathogenicity
Include adhesins, toxins and capsules
List 2 reasons why tissue damage occurs in bacterial infection
Bacterial toxins- local, systemic
inflammatory response
immune response
What occurs with neutrophils in the blood in response to inflammation
number changes
left-shift (younger)
toxic change (dymaturation)
Name the acute phase proteins that are present in blood in response to inflammation
fibrinogen
CRP
SAA
Haptoglobin
T/F Neutropenia typical in inflammation regardless of severity in cows
T- Normal neutrophil count does not rule out inflammation in cows
low reserve in bm with slow regenerative capacity
T/F neutropenia is seen in mild bacterial infections in a dog/cat
F- needs to be very severe for neutropenia to present
They have a good reserve & regenerate rapidly so needs to be severe to become neutropenic
T/F neutrophil toxic change occurs when there is a severe bacterial infection present
True
Name 2 clinical changes that are seen within the blood in an bacteria infection
Looking for inflammatory response markers
Neutrophils number
- Left shift, toxic change
Acute phase proteins ^
Acid-base changes - lactate
Coagulopathy - platelets, coagulation times, FDP
What clinical signs are seen on clinical exams for bacteria inf.
Pyrexia
Pain, heat, swelling, erythema
Macrophages increase
Pus
Congested mucus membranes - dark red
Toxic line
3 steps for neutrophils to leave blood vessels
Marginalisation, adhesion, migration
T/F Degenerative neutrophils are not seen in inflammatory conditions
False - they are seen in both normal patients & involved with bacterial infections
When are the clinical consequences of a bacterial infection apparent
when pathogenicity exceeds host defences
