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PYB208 > 9. Behaviour therapy > Flashcards

9. Behaviour therapy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the common factors in all therapy models?

A

o No one model is superior to the other
o all models help clients be better
o therapies of choice?

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2
Q

what was behaviourism a reaction to?

A

other mentalist models

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3
Q

what is human behaviour the consequence of?

A

reaction to stimuli in the environment

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4
Q

what are behavioural approaches geared to?

A

‘modifying human behaviour that are seen to be maladaptive’
o relative to whom?
o use of behavioural techniques in therapy is only one aspect of this
o used in a variety of other contexts
o domestic sphere, educational and other institutions, corrective services, consumer industry

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5
Q

what is the stimulus-response law based on?

A

the obejctive systematic observation

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6
Q

what is the focus of the stimulus-response law?

A

Focus on subject’s response to external stimuli

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7
Q

what are the factors and processes of the stimulus-response law?

A
  • Replication of S-R behaviour under experimental conditions
  • consistent across time and situation and therefore replicable
  • Possibly to modify human behaviour by manipulating external stimuli
  • Behavioural determinism
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8
Q

what is the brief history behind behavioural approaches?

A

• Early beginnings. Contemporary behavioural approaches have tended to move away from these earlier understanding of human behaviour- recognition that we humans are much more sophisticated and our behaviour much more complex and variable- exploring more contemporary applications

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9
Q

what theory is contemporary behavioural theory based on?

A

the learning theory

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10
Q

what are the 4 learning theories?

A

classical conditioning, operant conditioning, social learning, cognitive-behavioural

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11
Q

what is classical conditioning?

A

(Pavlov): learning through pairing or association of stimuli

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12
Q

what is operant conditioning?

A

(Thorndike, Skinner): learning through operating on or interacting with the environment

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13
Q

what is social learning?

A

(Bandura): learning through observation and modelling of significant others

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14
Q

what is cognitive-behavioral theory?

A

Eillis): Learning that includes the mediation of cognitive variables

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15
Q

when do we begin to learn?

A

o long before formal learning

o from the time we enter the world

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16
Q

what is the scientific view of human nature?

A

he individual is the producer and the produce of his/her environment

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17
Q

what is behavioral therapy based on?

A

based on the principles of procedures of the scientific method

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18
Q

what is the focus of behavioural therapy?

A

focus on client’s current maladaptive behaviours and the factors influencing them

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19
Q

what does behavioural therapy emphasise on?

A

emphasis on personal responsibility; tailored to ‘target behaviours’

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20
Q

how is behavioural therapy oriented?

A

action oriented focusing on client self-monitoring and rehearsing adaptive behaviours

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21
Q

what does behavioural therapy say about change?

A

change is not dependent on insight into underlying causes or dynamics

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22
Q

what does behavioural therapy require?

A
  • ongoing assessment and evaluation of intervention

* requires a collaborative therapist/client relationship

23
Q

what are humans according to behavioural therapists?

A

blank slates where patterns are imprinted over the life span

24
Q

what is the scientist-practitioner model?

A

client/therapist evaluation in therapeutic context

25
Q

what is required for a person to change?

A

commitment and what the person is commited to do in order to bring change. it is not just thinking, planning and intending

26
Q

why is behavioural therapy collavorative?

A

o Value/benefits of change, possibility of change, resources to bring about change
o skilled in empathetic negotiation
o patience to journey with client

27
Q

what are maladaptive behaviours?

A

o not right or wrong, good or bad

o what client sees as working for them

28
Q

what is personal responsibility with regard to maladaptive behavours>

A

in the recognition of maladaptive behaviours and acting to change – limited insight

29
Q

what are the uses of classical conditioning in behavioural therapy?

A

systematic desensitisation (reciprocal inhivition)

30
Q

what is systematic desensitisation?

A

o targets a range of anxiety based disorders – phobias
o couples with progressive muscle relaxation training
o used in the inhibition of atypical sexual arousal

31
Q

how is operant conditioning used in behavioural therapy in a positive way?

A

: introduction of something experienced by the subject as positive with a view to enhancing desired behaviours
e.g.
o Partner coming home early and getting children ready for bed
o cheering at a sporting event
o incorporating self-reinforcement
o cheer-leading in therapy
o reduction in petrol consumption for keeping speed limits

32
Q

how is operant conditioning used in behavioural therapy in a negative way?

A 
\: introduction of something experienced by the subject as aversive with a view to initiating a desired behaviours
e.g.
o	Seat belt buzzer
o	electric fences
o	antabuse of smoking
o	electric shocks for pedophiles
o	speed bumps
o	turning off in therapy
33
Q

how is operant conditioning used in behavioural therapy with rewards and punishment way?

A

: intended to decrease/enhance target behaviour, but are more about disapproval or approval of behaviours

34
Q

what is punishment?

A
  • why the effect is limited?
  • short term
  • aversive emotional states
  • link with agents
  • models aggressive behaviour
  • about power & control
  • (Grounding adolescents, prison sentences, traffic fines)
35
Q

what are rewards?

A
  • unrelated to behaviour
  • effects are temporary
  • based on external evaluation
36
Q

what are primary reinforcements?

A

food, sex, tactile

37
Q

what are secondary reinforcements?

A

acceptance, inclusion, promotion, verbal accolades

38
Q

what is relative reinforcement?

A

o the person
o intensity
o situation
o satiation

39
Q

what is conditioned reinforcement?

A

o money
o attention
o status

40
Q

what is discriminative reinforcement?

A 
environmental stimulus which calls for response.
e.g.
•	traffic light
•	flood guage
•	lighting
•	a loss in gambling
41
Q

what is the shaping reinforcement?

A

reinforcing steps towards a desired behaviour e.g. time management, managing alcohol consumption

42
Q

what is involved in social learning?

A

social skills training, modelling

43
Q

what is involved in modelling?

A

vicarious, characteristics of models, types of models.

44
Q

what does social learning aim to achieve?

A

learning to extinguish, manage behaviours in adaptive ways (anger management, social anxiety, substance abuse). assertion training

45
Q

what are some behaviours learnt through modelling?

A

o social skills
o manners
o managing emotions
o assertiveness

46
Q

what is vicarious modelling?

A

identifying with another

47
Q

what are the characteristics of models?

A

o status
o relationship
o consistent
o reliable

48
Q

what are types of models?

A

o Live
o pretend models
o models in literature & TV

49
Q

what are self-management programs?

A

community based behaviour management programs that are economical, ongoing ad self-directed

50
Q

what are the goals of self-management programs?

A

o selecting concrete goals
o identifying target behaviours
o self-monitoring through use of behaviour diaries and ABC analysis
o developing action plans with build in reinforcements
o evaluation

51
Q

what is the process of behavioural (functional) analysis?

A
  1. identify target behaviour through self-monitoring
  2. operationalize (make concrete) the behaviour
  3. explore-
    1. construct behaviour change goals
52
Q

in the explore step of behavioural (functional analysis), what does a, B, C stand for?

A 
A = antecedents
B = behaviour
C = consequences
53
Q

what are the characteristics of goaling in behaviour therapy?

A
  • collaborative process
  • client identifies desired change
  • client ‘owns’ the goal/s
  • goals are observable and quantifiable
  • identifying intermediate goals
  • clarifying whether goals are attainable
  • costs-benefits evaluated
  • develop plan of action over time
  • evaluate progress over time
54
Q

what are the therapeutic techniques of behavioural therapy?

A
  • systematic desensitization
  • reinforcement
  • relaxation training
  • flooding
  • exposure therapy – in vivo or imaginal
  • social skills training
  • assertiveness training
  • eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)

PYB208 (7 decks)

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