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PYB208 > 5. The psychodynamic theory - Sigmund Freud > Flashcards

5. The psychodynamic theory - Sigmund Freud Flashcards

1
Q

who was the pain basis of the psychoanalytic psychodynamic theory?

A

freud and then further developed by other neo-freudians.

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2
Q

what is freudian analysis?

A

understanding of the human psyche that requires the intensive long term training of the analyst

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3
Q

what do freudian analysts need to to to become an analyst?

A

Analyst needs to have had their own therapy and needs to know their own psychology really well so as to know what are their – and what are the client’s issues

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4
Q

what is Freud’s history?

A
  • First born son of Jewish parents
  • Had many interests – chose t study Medicine
  • Originator of Psychoanalysis
  • Devoted his life to create the model of the human psyche and personality and psychoanalysis
  • Prolific writer (Collected works in 24 volumes)
  • Ardent worker – had extremely busy practice
  • Died in London in 1939
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5
Q

what is the conscious?

A

contact with outside world. rational reality awareness

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6
Q

what is the pre conscious?

A

material just beneath the surface of awareness. o habits, denial, habitual repetitive patterns we are semi-aware of

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7
Q

what is the unconscious?

A

well below surface of awareness; difficult to retrieve. o dreams of symbolic representations of unconscious needs, inner conflicts, unfulfilled wishes, Id-Superego conflicts, slips of the tongue (Freudian slips), free association material, symbolic content of psychotic symptoms

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8
Q

what is the id?

A

pressure principle, primary process thinking. The child

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9
Q

what is the ego?

A

reality principle, secondary process thinking. the adult

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10
Q

what is the super ego?

A

moral, imperatives ideas. The parent

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11
Q

what is the ID ruled by?

A

the pleasure principle

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12
Q

what is the pleasure principle of the ID?

A

original system of personality at birth.
• the seat of the instincts, needs and wants
• Pleasure principle seeks to reduce tension, avoiding pain and gaining pleasure

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13
Q

where in consciousness is the ID?

A

largely unconscious or out ofawareness

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14
Q

what is the superego ruled by?

A

moral principles. it is the judicial part of the personality

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15
Q

what does the superego aim to do?

A

aims to inhibit the id impulses.
• elicits Idealistic and moral intentions → “good or bad” and “right or wrong” thinking, striving for perfection
• internalisation of parental and societal values and aims

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16
Q

what is the ego ruled by?

A

the reality principle

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17
Q

how is the ego characterised?

A

The executive part of the personality – governs and controls and regulates personality

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18
Q

what does the ego control?

A

Controls consciousness and checks and controls impulses from the Id

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19
Q

what does the ego do?

A
  • Seat of rational intelligence

* Distinguishes between inner and outer reality of experience

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20
Q

what is eros/libido?

A

o sexual drive (later called “Life instincts”) → human driving force, innate human urges
o Also creative energies, motivation towards growth development and creativity

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21
Q

what is thanatos?

A

the death instinct - descructive energies - aggressive drive

22
Q

what is freuds view of the relations between eros/libido and thanatos?

A

managing the aggressive drive is a major challenge in human behaviour. Freud’s view is that Libido and Death instinct bother operate in humans determine what they do and why.

23
Q

what is anxiety in freud’s view?

A

conflict between the id, superego and ego

24
Q

what is reality anxiety?

A

reaction to real threats from the external environment

25
Q

what is moral anxiety?

A

arising rom the potential violation of the individual conscience (Superego moral codes)

26
Q

what is neurotic anxiety?

A

generated when instinctual urges (ID) threatens to surface to levels of consciousness and pose a danger to ego integrity

27
Q

what are the uses of ego defence mechanisms?

A

o Normal behaviours to help cope with anxiety
o help person moderate anxiety – adapt to feedback, learning, in order to develop
o Prevent the Ego from being overwhelmed by guilt, shame, anxiety
o Protect the Ego (“Protect face”)

28
Q

what is the defence mechanism for projection?

A

oattributing unacceptable behaviours to others

29
Q

what is the defence mechanism of reactive formation?

A

expressing the opposite

30
Q

what is the defence mechanism of sublimitation?

A

diverting psychic energies into more acceptable channels.where creativity comes in - a lot of sublimation happens in artistic people (Beethoven – expressed himself through music, he was a really angry man)

31
Q

what is the defence mechanism of introjection (positive or negative)

A

Internalising values from parents or teachers, therapist

32
Q

what is the defence mechanism of repression?

A

exclusion from awareness

33
Q

what is the defence mechanism of denial

A

denial or distortion of reality, fear of ego overwhelm

34
Q

what is the defence mechanism of rationalisation?

A

finding reasons to explain the bruised ego

35
Q

what is the defence mechanism of identification?

A

loss of personal identity, identifying with the aggressor/oppressor in order to have ego control. Stockholm syndrome

36
Q

what is the defence mechanism of displacement

A

shifting to a safer target. e.g. having bad day at work. getting home and yelling at wife

37
Q

what is psychosexual development?

A

• Stages focused on the satisfaction of sexual drives through erotogenic zones of the body
• Emphasizes influences on childhood development
o is age related
• Deprivation or overindulgence leads to fixation
• Childhood stages and parental figures have a significant impact on the adult personality
• Roots of dysfunctionality

38
Q

what is the oral stage?

A

0-1
safety, love, fear, nurturing, can later be related to mistrust/rejection, ability or fear of forming trusting relationships

39
Q

what is the anal stage?

A

1-3

related to power, control, autonomy, learning, independence, express negative feelings, rage, aggression

40
Q

what is the phallic stage?

A

3-6
related to sexual attitudes, gender identification, (parental attitudes to child’s emerging sexuality – influences in adult life)

41
Q

what is the latent stage?

A

6-12

development of social skills, friends, social identity

42
Q

what is the genital stage?

A

12 –>
core characteristics of mature adulthood, creative investment of sexual energies into relationships, caring for others, education, profession, art music etc

43
Q

what are the therapeutic techniques of psychodynamic therapy?

A

free association, dream analysis, transference, counter-transference, resistance, interpretation

44
Q

what is free association?

A

facilitation of uncensored revelations of client’s thoughts and feelings

45
Q

what is dream analysis

A

exploring the latent content of clients’ dreams

46
Q

what is transference?

A

working through client’s personal reactions to therapist

47
Q

what is counter-transference?

A

therapist’s processing of his/her reactions to client

48
Q

what is resistance

A

evidence of client’s avoidance to develop

49
Q

what is interpretation?

A

therapist offering of deeper meanings and explanations to client revelations

50
Q

what is the goal of psychodynamic therapy?

A
  • Relate current aversive life experiences to unresolved psychic conflicts of the past
  • Enhance insight and deeper awareness through interpretation of the client’s past
  • Sensitive application of specific techniques to bring into conscious awareness those thoughts, feelings and memories buried in the unconscious
  • Appropriate and timely confrontation of clients defence mechanisms promote healthy functioning through strengthening of the Ego
51
Q

what is the process of psychodynamic theory?

A

client’s presenting problem -> how it relates to past (particularly childhood) -> make unconscious conscious -> interpretation/dream analysis/ free association/ analysis of transference and resistance -> strengthens ego -> cuts through defence mechanisms

PYB208 (7 decks)

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