6. Person Centered Therapy Flashcards
what is Carl Roger’s background?
- Born in Chicago Illinois
- Conservative family background
- Schooled in a strict, religious environment
- Started to study agriculture, then religion
- Bachelow in 1924, Religious Seminary, Teachers college at Columbia University, PhD in Clinical Psychology in 1931
- Began professional career in child psychology
- 1930 Director of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
- Professor of clinical psychology at Ohio State University in 1940
what is Carl Roger’s academic and professional path?
- Published results of his research in Client-Centered Therapy, in 1951
- Psychotherapy and Personality Change in 1954
- 1963 joined the staff of Western Behavioural Sciences Institute
- In 1968, Rogers and staff created Centre for Studies of the Person
- Last years: Peace Movement and Conflict resolution in hotspots like Northern Ireland, South Africa and Brazil, Europe and US
- Lived La Jolla, California until his death in 1987
who was the main influence of person centered therapy?
carl rogers
who was the main influence of humanistic psychology?
Abraham maslow
when did humanism arise?
in late 1950s as a third force in psychology
what was humanism a response to?
the behaviours and psychoanalytic schools of thought
what did humanists believe?
the people are innately good. that morality, ethical values and good intentions are the strongest driving forces in live
what does humanism incorporate?
a variety of therapeutic techniques, including Rogerian person-centered therapy
what does humanism emphasis on?
goal of self-actualisation
What is rogerian therapy based on?
humanstic views; positive view of nature
what is the approach to rogerian therapy?
non-directive reflective approach. provides an enriching therapeutic environment
what is immediacy?
bringing the past and future into the present - here and now focus
what are the central constructs of Person-centered therapy?
- Immediacy: bringing the past and future into the present – here and now focus
- The client’s self actualisation tendency
- The client starts to recognise their own potential ad move towards it
- Starts to develop a healthy self esteem through self acceptance
- Starts to shift form external to internal valuing system
what is an external value?
someone says “youre doing so well”
what is an internal value?
“I know i am a good person
what is required in the therapeutic process of person-centered therapy?
providing sufficient and necessary conditions to change
how does one provide sufficient and necessary conditions to change?
through empathy, unconditional positive regard and congruence
what is empathy?
Feeling with the client (not sympathy) – feel warmly towards them, can understand the suffering that they might be going through
what is unconditional positive regard?
respect. This refers to the therapist’s deep and genuine caring for the client. The therapist may not approve of some of the client’s actions but the therapist does approve of the client. In short, the therapist needs an attitude of “I’ll accept you as your are”. The person-centred counsellor is thus careful to always maintain a positive attitude to the client, even when disgusted by the client’s actions.
how does one practice unconditional positive regard?
- Don’t judge
- mindset of seeing the person in their environment with their background of where they come from
- No matter what I am going to support this person despite my values and personal morals
- open and embracing the clients ability to grow towards their potential
what is congruence?
genuineness. The therapist does not have a façade (like psychoanalysis), that is, the therapist’s internal and external experiences are one in the same. The therapist is authentic.
how does one practice congruence?
- congruent with what you say as well as how you come across
- incongruence – say one thing and do another thing
- say you appreciate them and body language shows this too for example
what is the idea of the therapeutic process of person centered therapy?
o Client develops self awareness about their own incongruence. find a way to make this more congruent
o Client experiences immediacy and authenticity in the therapeutic relationship
what are the therapeutic goals?
- Develop a safe and trusting therapeutic environment
- Develop good rapport
- Self exploration reflection
- develop from external to internal valuing
- develop towards more harmony between ideal self and real self
- develop healthy self esteem
- Move towards “self actualisation”
what is the maslows hierarchy of needs?
from top to bottom esteem belonging and loving security and stability biological needs
how did rogers see a self-actualised, fully functioning person?
o Open to experience, is not defensive
o Emphasizes fully living in the moment “here and now”
o Trust in oneself
o Has the ability to freely make choices and takes responsibility for their own choices and takes responsibility for their own choices, highly self0drected
o Embraces a life of creativity and adaptation, including an abandonment of conformity
o Has the ability to have reliably and make constructive choices
o Lives a full, rich life including the full spectrum of human emotions
what is incongruent with regard to self-actualisation?
- The self image is different to the ideal self
- There is only a little overlap
- Here self-actualisation will be difficult
what is congruent with regard to self-actualisation?
- The self-image is similar to the ideal self.
- There is more overlap
- This person can self-actualise
what is motivational interviewing?
- Miller & Rollnick 1980
- Person centered therapy with a twist
- more directive
- cooperative style eliciting behaviour change
- activates client’s motivation for change
- explores ambivalence towards change
- stresses client responsibility for change
- strengths based approach
what are the basic principles of motivational interviewing
- Seeks to experience the world through client’s perspective
- Explores discrepancies and ambivalence in relation to change
- Normalises client’s reluctance to change; respectful view of resistance
- Supports client’s self-efficacy in goaling
- Strengthens client’s commitment to change and develops change plans
what is are the wider impacts of Person centered therpy concepts?
- Used in the training of therapists and those in the ‘helping professions’
- Self-help groups
- In the encounter movement, marriage enrichment and group dynamics
- in crisis intervention, grief counselling and pastoral are
- Peace movement; To promote international and cross cultural relations
what is the process of change in counselling?
action ‘consultant’ -> maintenance -> contemplation ‘socratic teacher’ -> preparation ‘experienced coach’
