9. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Flashcards
What do penicillin act on?
disrupt petidoglycans on bacteria cell walls. Only effective in gram negative bacteria
What is the use of penicillin?
Strep, neisseria, spirochetes
Soft tissue, pneumococcal, meningococcal, gonorhoea, syphilis
What is the use of amoxicillin
IMPORTANT DRUG! commonly prescribed, broad spectrum but has common resistance. effective in UTI and RTI
What is the use of flucloxaxillin
Staph aureus
What is the use of co-amoxiclav?
IMPORTANT DRUG! Broad spectrum antibiotics including anaerobes
UTI, RTI, soft tissue infections, surgical wound infections
What are the indications of piperacillin?
Broad spectrum including Pseudomonas, good for neutropenic sepsis
What do cephalosporins act on?
Similar model as penicillin although does not confer as much susceptibility to B-lactamase
What is cefradine?
1st class cephalosporin, broad spectrum but resistance UTI, soft tissue infection, UTI
What is ceforoxime?
Broad spectrum 2nd class cephalosporin. Used fro UTI, RTI, surgical prophylaxis.
What is ceftriaxone?
3rd class cephalosporin, Broad spectrum drug, especially good against gram negative bacteria. good for hospital infections, bacteraemia, pneumonia, abdo sepsis
What is ceftazidime?
3rd class cephalosporin, like cefttriaxone but also active against pseudomonas. Pseudomonal infections and CF patients
What is ceftaroline?
4th class cephalosporin, broad spectrum less gram -ve cover, good for MRSA. Licensed skin and sot tissue infection. Resistant endocarditis
How do aminoglycosides act?
Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal sub unit
What is gentamicin
IMPORTANT DRUG. gram -ve bacteria and sepsis used for serious gram -ve infections although may cause renal and hearing issues. may disrupt VSC apparatus
What do macrolides do?
inhibits bacterial protein biosynthesis
prevent amino acid chain from growing
What does clarithromycin do
IMPORTANT DRUG! Works intracelluarly on strep, staph, mycoplasma, chlamydia and legionella. Good for resp infection, soft tissue infections and STD’s
What does erythromycin do?
the same as clathromycin but has more GI side effects
What does azithromycin do?
Better for gram negative side effects, used for chlamydia
How do quinolones work?
Prevent bacterial DNA from unwinding
what is ciprofloxacin
IMPORTANT DRUG! Gram negative, Pseudomonas, staph and strep. Used in complicated UTI, hospital acquired pneumonia and some GI infections. My lead to AAA rupture
What is levofloxacin?
Enhanced activity against staph ,strep. Used as 2nd or 3rd line agent for pneumonia
How do glycopeptides work?
Work on gram positive bacteria only. Mainly MRSA, patients allergic to penicillin, C-diff. Associated nephro-toxicity, IV/IM only
What is trimethoprim?
IMPORTANT DRUG- first line UTI, used for gram negative bacteria. Also used in resp infections and MRSA
What is co-trimoxazole?
Broad spectrum, resp, infection,PCP
What is clindamycin?
Effective against strep, staph, used in soft tissue infections and gangrene.
What is doxyculine
Used for Q-fever, bruceloosis, chalymysia, MRSA, atypical pneumonia. Contraindicated in pregancy and childhood
What is rifampcin?
Always combined used for TB, MRSA, complicated staph infections
What is meropenem?
Broad spectrum antibiotic that includes pseudomonas. Last resort antibiotic and typically 2nd or 3rd line in hospital
What is linezolid?
Gram positive only, sued 2nd line for MRSA,MSSA,VRE
May lead to optic neuropathy
What is daptomycin?
Used for gram positive bacteria only (strep, staph, enetro) 2nd line for MSSA,MRSA,VRE
What is tegcycline?
Very broad spectrum antibiotic, 3rdlin abdo sepsis soft tissue infections. Doesnt stay in blood stream long
What drugs cause C diff infections?
clindamycin,
cephalosporins,
co-amoxiclav
ciprofloxacin
