11. Immunisation and prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vaccine?

A
A partion of a pathogen that comes in many forms, used to build the bodies immune system up to the disease. They can be:
A live attenuated, 
inactivated 
detoxified endotoxin
 A subunit of a micro-organism.
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2
Q

What vaccines are live vaccines

A
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
BCG
Varicella-zoster virus
Yellow fever
Smallpox
Typhoid (oral)
Polio (oral) 
Rotavirus (oral)
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3
Q

Who can have live vaccines?

A

Everyone except those who are immunocomprimised

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4
Q

Wat are examples of innactivated vaccines?

A
Polio
Hep A
Cholera
Rabies
Japanese encephalitis
Tick born encephalitis
Flu
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5
Q

How are detoxified exotoxin vaccines made?

A

Toxin, treated with formalin produces toxoid

e.g. diptheria, tetanus

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6
Q

What are some examples of subunit vaccines?

A
Pertussis 
Flu type B
Meningitis C
Pneumococcus
Typhoid
Anthrax
Hep B
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7
Q

How are recombiant vaccines made?

A

DNA segment is removed, purified and mixed with plasmids, Inserted into yeasts, fermented,

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8
Q

What is the 6 in 1 vaccine?

A

DTP- diptheria, tetanus, bordetella
IBV- inactivated polio
Hib- Flu part B
HBV- hep B

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9
Q

What is the UK childhood immunisation schedule in the first year of life?

A

2 months:6 in 1 and pneumococcal conjugate and rota virus and menigitis B

3 months: 6 in 1 and rotavirus

4 months:6 in 1, men B, pneumococcal conjugate

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10
Q

What is the childhood immunisation schedule in toddlers?

A

1 year-Meningitis C, MMR, pneumococcal cojugate and meningitis B
2-8 years- Nasal flu
3-5 years- 4 in 1 booster (DTaP, IPV) and MMR

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11
Q

What is the immunisations schedule in teenagers?

A

12-13 years- HPV

14 years- 3 in 1 booster (DT, IPV) and MEN ACWY

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12
Q

What vaccines do special occupational groups also get?

A
BCG
Flu
Pneumococcal
Hep B
Varicells- zoster
herpes zoster
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13
Q

Who recieves a Tb vaccinaiton?

A

Some infants 0-12 months
Children screened for TB riskfacots
New immigrants from high prevalence countries
Healthcare workers

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14
Q

Discuss the flu vaccine?

A

As A and B strains change every year their is a new vaccine every year. It is given in a single dose and there should be caution in people who love eggs

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15
Q

What are the indications for getting the flu vaccine?

A
Over 65
Nursing home
Health care workers
Immunodeficient/suppressed
Chronic liver, renal,cardiac and lung disease
Diabetes
Coeliac disease
Pregnant women
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16
Q

Who gets the Hep B vaccine?

A

All new born children from 2018
Children at high risk of exposure to HBV
Health care workers, prisoners, liver disease, kidney disease

17
Q

Who gets the chickenpox vaccine?

A
immunosuppresion
Children at risk with those with severe vzv
Healthcare workers
Live attenuated virus
2 doses 4-8 weeks apart
18
Q

Who gets the shinges virus

A

All elderly patients (70+)

19
Q

What are passive immunoglobulins good at treating?

A

Contains antibodies against hep A, rubella, measles

Used in immunoglobulin deficincies and some autoimmune disease e.g. myasthenia gravis

20
Q

What diseases require disease specific immunoglobulins post exposure?

A
Hep B
Rabies
tetanus
Chickenpox
Diptheria
Botulinum anti-tox
21
Q

How do you risk assess a foreign traveller?

A
Travellers health
Previous immunsation and prophylaxis
Area to be visited
Duration of visit
Accommodation
Activities
Remote area
Recent outbreaks
22
Q

What general advice should you give to someone travelling?

A
Care with food/water
Hand washing
Sunburn/sunstroke
Altitude
RTA
Safer sex
mosquito advice
23
Q

What common immunisations do travleers get?

A
Tetanus
Polio
Typhoid
Hep A
Yellow fever
Cholera
24
Q

What special immunisations do travellers get?

A
Men ACWY
Rabies
Diptheria
Japanese B encephalitis
Tick borne encephalitis
25
What is the ABCD malaria prevention
Awareness Bite pervention Chemoprophylaxis Diagnosis and treatment
26
How do you prevent bite prevention
Cover up at dawn and dusk Insect repellent sprays, DEET Mosquito nets
27
What chemoprophaylaxis against malaria
Malarone- daily Doxycycline daily not for children, photosensivity Mefloquine weekly- pschosis and nightmare Avoid if history of psychosis, epilepsy Chloroquine weekly and proquanil
28
What safety netting advice should you give for people on return
Any illness occuring within 1 year and espeically 3 months might be malaria Seek medical attention