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Year 3 Infection > 11. Immunisation and prophylaxis > Flashcards

11. Immunisation and prophylaxis Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vaccine?

A 
A partion of a pathogen that comes in many forms, used to build the bodies immune system up to the disease. They can be:
A live attenuated, 
inactivated 
detoxified endotoxin
 A subunit of a micro-organism.
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2
Q

What vaccines are live vaccines

A 
Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
BCG
Varicella-zoster virus
Yellow fever
Smallpox
Typhoid (oral)
Polio (oral) 
Rotavirus (oral)
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3
Q

Who can have live vaccines?

A

Everyone except those who are immunocomprimised

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4
Q

Wat are examples of innactivated vaccines?

A 
Polio
Hep A
Cholera
Rabies
Japanese encephalitis
Tick born encephalitis
Flu
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5
Q

How are detoxified exotoxin vaccines made?

A

Toxin, treated with formalin produces toxoid

e.g. diptheria, tetanus

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6
Q

What are some examples of subunit vaccines?

A 
Pertussis 
Flu type B
Meningitis C
Pneumococcus
Typhoid
Anthrax
Hep B
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7
Q

How are recombiant vaccines made?

A

DNA segment is removed, purified and mixed with plasmids, Inserted into yeasts, fermented,

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8
Q

What is the 6 in 1 vaccine?

A

DTP- diptheria, tetanus, bordetella
IBV- inactivated polio
Hib- Flu part B
HBV- hep B

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9
Q

What is the UK childhood immunisation schedule in the first year of life?

A

2 months:6 in 1 and pneumococcal conjugate and rota virus and menigitis B

3 months: 6 in 1 and rotavirus

4 months:6 in 1, men B, pneumococcal conjugate

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10
Q

What is the childhood immunisation schedule in toddlers?

A

1 year-Meningitis C, MMR, pneumococcal cojugate and meningitis B
2-8 years- Nasal flu
3-5 years- 4 in 1 booster (DTaP, IPV) and MMR

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11
Q

What is the immunisations schedule in teenagers?

A

12-13 years- HPV

14 years- 3 in 1 booster (DT, IPV) and MEN ACWY

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12
Q

What vaccines do special occupational groups also get?

A 
BCG
Flu
Pneumococcal
Hep B
Varicells- zoster
herpes zoster
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13
Q

Who recieves a Tb vaccinaiton?

A

Some infants 0-12 months
Children screened for TB riskfacots
New immigrants from high prevalence countries
Healthcare workers

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14
Q

Discuss the flu vaccine?

A

As A and B strains change every year their is a new vaccine every year. It is given in a single dose and there should be caution in people who love eggs

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15
Q

What are the indications for getting the flu vaccine?

A 
Over 65
Nursing home
Health care workers
Immunodeficient/suppressed
Chronic liver, renal,cardiac and lung disease
Diabetes
Coeliac disease
Pregnant women
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16
Q

Who gets the Hep B vaccine?

A

All new born children from 2018
Children at high risk of exposure to HBV
Health care workers, prisoners, liver disease, kidney disease

17
Q

Who gets the chickenpox vaccine?

A 
immunosuppresion
Children at risk with those with severe vzv
Healthcare workers
Live attenuated virus
2 doses 4-8 weeks apart
18
Q

Who gets the shinges virus

A

All elderly patients (70+)

19
Q

What are passive immunoglobulins good at treating?

A

Contains antibodies against hep A, rubella, measles

Used in immunoglobulin deficincies and some autoimmune disease e.g. myasthenia gravis

20
Q

What diseases require disease specific immunoglobulins post exposure?

A 
Hep B
Rabies
tetanus
Chickenpox
Diptheria
Botulinum anti-tox
21
Q

How do you risk assess a foreign traveller?

A 
Travellers health
Previous immunsation and prophylaxis
Area to be visited
Duration of visit
Accommodation
Activities
Remote area
Recent outbreaks
22
Q

What general advice should you give to someone travelling?

A 
Care with food/water
Hand washing
Sunburn/sunstroke
Altitude
RTA
Safer sex
mosquito advice
23
Q

What common immunisations do travleers get?

A 
Tetanus
Polio
Typhoid
Hep A
Yellow fever
Cholera
24
Q

What special immunisations do travellers get?

A 
Men ACWY
Rabies
Diptheria
Japanese B encephalitis
Tick borne encephalitis
25
Q

What is the ABCD malaria prevention

A

Awareness
Bite pervention
Chemoprophylaxis
Diagnosis and treatment

26
Q

How do you prevent bite prevention

A

Cover up at dawn and dusk
Insect repellent sprays, DEET
Mosquito nets

27
Q

What chemoprophaylaxis against malaria

A

Malarone- daily
Doxycycline daily not for children, photosensivity
Mefloquine weekly- pschosis and nightmare
Avoid if history of psychosis, epilepsy
Chloroquine weekly and proquanil

28
Q

What safety netting advice should you give for people on return

A

Any illness occuring within 1 year and espeically 3 months might be malaria

Seek medical attention

Year 3 Infection (15 decks)

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