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Question 1

Psychological test:

Answer 1

a standardized measure of a sample of a person’s behaviour

- Measurement instruments used to measure intelligence, aptitudes, interests, and aspects of personality

Question 2

Intelligence tests:

Answer 2

measure general mental ability

-Intended to assess intellectual potential rather than previous learning or accumulated knowledge

Question 3

Aptitude tests:

Answer 3

assess specific types of mental abilities

-Also designed to measure potential more than knowledge

Question 4

Achievement tests:

Answer 4

gauge a person’s mastery and knowledge of various subjects like reading or history
-Supposed to measure previous learning instead of potential

Question 5

Personality tests:

Answer 5

measure various aspects of personality, including motives, interests, values, and attitudes

Question 6

Standardization:

Answer 6

uniform procedures used in the administration and scoring of a test
- All participants get same questions, instructions and same time limits

Question 7

Test norms:

Answer 7

provide information about where a score on a psychological test ranks in relation to other scores on that test

Question 8

Reaction range:

Answer 8

genetically determined limits on IQ or other traits

Question 9

Percentile score:

Answer 9

indicates the percentage of people who score at/below the score one has obtained

Question 10

Reliability: measurement consistency of a test

Answer 10

measurement consistency of a test

Question 11

Content validity:

Answer 11

the degree to which the content of a test is representative of the domain it’s supposed to cover

Question 12

Criterion-related validity:

Answer 12

is estimated by correlating subject’s scores on a test with their scores on an independent criterion of the trait assessed by the test

Question 13

Heritability ratio:

Answer 13

is an estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance

Question 14

Construct validity:

Answer 14

extent to which there is evidence that a test measures a particular hypothetical construct
- Requires looking at the relationship between a test and many other measures

Question 15

Childs mental age:

Answer 15

indicated that he/she displayed the mental ability typical of a child of that chronological age

Question 16

Intelligence quotient (IQ):

Answer 16

a child’s mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100

Question 17

Factor analysis:

Answer 17

correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables

Question 18

Fluid intelligence:

Answer 18

involves reasoning ability, memory capacity, and speed of information processing

Question 19

Emotional intelligence:

Answer 19

consists of the ability to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion

Question 20

Deviation IQ scores:

Answer 20

locate subjects precisely within the normal distribution, using the standard deviation as the unit of measurement

Question 21

Percentile score:

Answer 21

indicates the percentage of people who score at or below the score one has obtained

Question 22

Intellectual disability:

Answer 22

general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in adaptive skills, originating before age 18

Question 23

Phenylketonuria:

Answer 23

a metabolic disorder (due to an inherited enzyme deficiency) that can lead to intellectual disability if it is not caught and treated in infancy

Question 24

Hydrocephaly:

Answer 24

an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull destroys brain tissue and causes intellectual disability

Question 25

Why are test norms needed?

Answer 25

Psychological tests tell you how you score relative to other people. Test norms allow you to convert your “raw score” on a test into a percentile

Question 26

Test retest reliability:

Answer 26

is estimated by comparing subject’s scores on two administration of a test

Question 27

Validity

Answer 27

refers to the ability of a test to measure what is was designed to measure - Validity is also used to refer to the accuracy of usefulness of the inferences or decisions based on a test

Question 28

Most common technique for establishing validity are...

Answer 28

content, criterion-related, and construct validity

Question 29

What are psychological tests used to predict?

Answer 29

Predictions about specific aspects of individual’s behaviour Predict performance in university, job capability, and suitability for training programs…and so on

Question 30

Psychological tests began with….

Answer 30

Sir Francis Galton

Question 31

What did Galton study?

Answer 31

Family trees and found that success and eminence appeared consistently in some families over generations

Question 32

What did Galton conclude?

Answer 32

Success runs in families because great intelligence is passed from generation to generation through genetic inheritance

Question 33

Who made the first useful test of general mental ability?

Answer 33

Binet and Theodore Simon

Question 34

Who came up with the intelligence quotient?

Answer 34

William Stern

Question 35

What became the world’s foremost intelligence test?

Answer 35

The Stanford-Binet

Question 36

Who came up with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale?

Answer 36

David Wechsler

Question 37

What did Spearman conclude?

Answer 37

All cognitive abilities share an important core factor | - g = general mental stability

Question 38

7 primary mental stabilities:

Answer 38

Word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning and memory

Question 39

What did Guildford’s theory do?

Answer 39

It divided intelligence into 250 separate abilities and did away with g

Question 40

Grey matter should reflect...

Answer 40

the density of neurons and their dendrites which may be predictive of information-processing capacity

Question 41

The amount of white matter should reflect...

Answer 41

the quantity of axons in the brain and their degree of myelinization which may be predictive of the efficiency of neuronal communication

Question 42

Higher intelligence scores are correlated with...

Answer 42

increased volume of both grey and white matter with the association being a little stronger for grey matter

Question 43

Three aspects of intelligence:

Answer 43

- Analytical intelligence - Creative intelligence - Practical intelligence

Question 44

Analytical intelligence:

Answer 44

involves abstract reasoning, evaluation, and judgement

Question 45

Creative intelligence:

Answer 45

involves the ability to generate new ideas and to be inventive in dealing with novel problems

Question 46

Practical intelligence:

Answer 46

involves the ability to deal effectively with the kinds of problems people encounter in everyday life

Question 47

Howard Gardner concluded that humans exhibit eight intelligences:

Answer 47

Logical-mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, body-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist

Question 48

Emotional intelligence includes 4 essential components:

Answer 48

o First people need to be able to accurately perceive emotions in themselves and other have the ability to express their own emotions effectively o Second, people need to be aware of how their emotions shape their thinking, decision making, and coping with stress o Third, people need to be able to understand and analyze their emotions which may often be complex and contradictory o Fourth, people need to be able to regulate their emotions so that they can dampen negative emotions and make effective use of positive emotions

Question 49

Which test has the strongest empirical foundation?

Answer 49

The Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale

Question 50

Adaptive skills of everyday living skills:

Answer 50

o Conceptual skills  Eg.) managing money, writing a letter o Social skills  Making friends, coping with others demands o Practical skills  Preparing meals, using transportation, shopping

Question 51

Intellectual disability has been classified into four levels characterized as:

Answer 51

Mild, moderate, severe, or profound