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PSYC 1002 > 9 > Flashcards

9 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological test:

A

a standardized measure of a sample of a person’s behaviour

- Measurement instruments used to measure intelligence, aptitudes, interests, and aspects of personality

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2
Q

Intelligence tests:

A

measure general mental ability

-Intended to assess intellectual potential rather than previous learning or accumulated knowledge

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3
Q

Aptitude tests:

A

assess specific types of mental abilities

-Also designed to measure potential more than knowledge

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4
Q

Achievement tests:

A

gauge a person’s mastery and knowledge of various subjects like reading or history
-Supposed to measure previous learning instead of potential

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5
Q

Personality tests:

A

measure various aspects of personality, including motives, interests, values, and attitudes

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6
Q

Standardization:

A

uniform procedures used in the administration and scoring of a test
- All participants get same questions, instructions and same time limits

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7
Q

Test norms:

A

provide information about where a score on a psychological test ranks in relation to other scores on that test

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8
Q

Reaction range:

A

genetically determined limits on IQ or other traits

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9
Q

Percentile score:

A

indicates the percentage of people who score at/below the score one has obtained

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10
Q

Reliability: measurement consistency of a test

A

measurement consistency of a test

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11
Q

Content validity:

A

the degree to which the content of a test is representative of the domain it’s supposed to cover

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12
Q

Criterion-related validity:

A

is estimated by correlating subject’s scores on a test with their scores on an independent criterion of the trait assessed by the test

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13
Q

Heritability ratio:

A

is an estimate of the proportion of trait variability in a population that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance

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14
Q

Construct validity:

A

extent to which there is evidence that a test measures a particular hypothetical construct
- Requires looking at the relationship between a test and many other measures

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15
Q

Childs mental age:

A

indicated that he/she displayed the mental ability typical of a child of that chronological age

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16
Q

Intelligence quotient (IQ):

A

a child’s mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100

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17
Q

Factor analysis:

A

correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables

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18
Q

Fluid intelligence:

A

involves reasoning ability, memory capacity, and speed of information processing

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19
Q

Emotional intelligence:

A

consists of the ability to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in thought, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion

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20
Q

Deviation IQ scores:

A

locate subjects precisely within the normal distribution, using the standard deviation as the unit of measurement

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21
Q

Percentile score:

A

indicates the percentage of people who score at or below the score one has obtained

22
Q

Intellectual disability:

A

general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in adaptive skills, originating before age 18

23
Q

Phenylketonuria:

A

a metabolic disorder (due to an inherited enzyme deficiency) that can lead to intellectual disability if it is not caught and treated in infancy

24
Q

Hydrocephaly:

A

an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the skull destroys brain tissue and causes intellectual disability

25
Q

Why are test norms needed?

A

Psychological tests tell you how you score relative to other people. Test norms allow you to convert your “raw score” on a test into a percentile

26
Q

Test retest reliability:

A

is estimated by comparing subject’s scores on two administration of a test

27
Q

Validity

A

refers to the ability of a test to measure what is was designed to measure
- Validity is also used to refer to the accuracy of usefulness of the inferences or decisions based on a test

28
Q

Most common technique for establishing validity are…

A

content, criterion-related, and construct validity

29
Q

What are psychological tests used to predict?

A

Predictions about specific aspects of individual’s behaviour
Predict performance in university, job capability, and suitability for training programs…and so on

30
Q

Psychological tests began with….

A

Sir Francis Galton

31
Q

What did Galton study?

A

Family trees and found that success and eminence appeared consistently in some families over generations

32
Q

What did Galton conclude?

A

Success runs in families because great intelligence is passed from generation to generation through genetic inheritance

33
Q

Who made the first useful test of general mental ability?

A

Binet and Theodore Simon

34
Q

Who came up with the intelligence quotient?

A

William Stern

35
Q

What became the world’s foremost intelligence test?

A

The Stanford-Binet

36
Q

Who came up with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale?

A

David Wechsler

37
Q

What did Spearman conclude?

A

All cognitive abilities share an important core factor

- g = general mental stability

38
Q

7 primary mental stabilities:

A

Word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning and memory

39
Q

What did Guildford’s theory do?

A

It divided intelligence into 250 separate abilities and did away with g

40
Q

Grey matter should reflect…

A

the density of neurons and their dendrites which may be predictive of information-processing capacity

41
Q

The amount of white matter should reflect…

A

the quantity of axons in the brain and their degree of myelinization which may be predictive of the efficiency of neuronal communication

42
Q

Higher intelligence scores are correlated with…

A

increased volume of both grey and white matter with the association being a little stronger for grey matter

43
Q

Three aspects of intelligence:

A
  • Analytical intelligence
  • Creative intelligence
  • Practical intelligence
44
Q

Analytical intelligence:

A

involves abstract reasoning, evaluation, and judgement

45
Q

Creative intelligence:

A

involves the ability to generate new ideas and to be inventive in dealing with novel problems

46
Q

Practical intelligence:

A

involves the ability to deal effectively with the kinds of problems people encounter in everyday life

47
Q

Howard Gardner concluded that humans exhibit eight intelligences:

A

Logical-mathematical, linguistic, musical, spatial, body-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist

48
Q

Emotional intelligence includes 4 essential components:

A

o First people need to be able to accurately perceive emotions in themselves and other have the ability to express their own emotions effectively
o Second, people need to be aware of how their emotions shape their thinking, decision making, and coping with stress
o Third, people need to be able to understand and analyze their emotions which may often be complex and contradictory
o Fourth, people need to be able to regulate their emotions so that they can dampen negative emotions and make effective use of positive emotions

49
Q

Which test has the strongest empirical foundation?

A

The Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale

50
Q

Adaptive skills of everyday living skills:

A

o Conceptual skills
 Eg.) managing money, writing a letter
o Social skills
 Making friends, coping with others demands
o Practical skills
 Preparing meals, using transportation, shopping

51
Q

Intellectual disability has been classified into four levels characterized as:

A

Mild, moderate, severe, or profound

PSYC 1002 (6 decks)

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