9 Flashcards
Anthropometrics
measuring physical and mental variation in humans
intelliengence
the ability to think understand, reason and adapt to overcome obstacles
mental age
the average intellectual ability scorefor children of age x
standford binet test
intended to measure innate levels of intellect
IQ
mental age/chronological age *100
Weschler adult intelligence scale
most common intelligence scale for adolescents and adults
Raven’s
Progressive Matrice
iq test on pictures
symbol search
processing speed fill in a blank with a missing symbol
coding
match symbols with numbers and with a correct symbol given a number
working memory index
arithemtic and digital span (recall order of number string in directions)
block design
how to make a puzzle or shape
Eugenics
Good genes
stereotype threat
negative stereotypes cause people to underpeform
causes of stereotype threath
arousal due to fear, self focus lowering cognitive resources, increases tendancy to inhibit thoughts using resources
changes in intelligence caused by what
belief about growth, fatigue, ,illness, stress, mood
entity theory
belief that intelligence is a fixed charectheristic
incremental theory
intellignence can be changed
incremental theory
intellignence can be changed
savant
low mental capactiy in most, but extraordinary abilities in other specific areas
factor analysis
finds correlations and related factors
general intelligence factor
developped by spearman: g factor, that some brains are simply better than others and that is measured in g factor
g could not be real, but
could be a combination of other factors like motivations
s factor
s is a special skill factor of (spearman)
Multiple intelligences
Louis thurstone: multiple fields of intelligence
New model
G -> primary mental abilities -> S
GF vs GC
general fluid and general crystalized intelligence. GF is new information new problems. GC is based off past learning and experiences
Triarchic theory of intelligence
robert sternberg : 3 types analytical practical and creative
of Multiple intelligences
9+
why mi sux
Gardener is under fire because it is unfalsifiable
heritability describes
differences that can be accounted for in genes.
heritability of rich = 72% hertiability of poor =8%
why
its not nature vs nurture. Nurture shapes nature. the expression of genes changes based off treatment. And a gene which makes someone x doesnt has different conclusions making them smarter or dumber depending on the environemnt
behavioural genomic
how genes interact with environment to influence behaviors
gene knockout studies
removing genes and seeing differnece in animals
smart vs dumb genes
many markers for dumb low amount for smart
transgenic animal
an animal which had genetic material inserted into it
flynn effect
The effect of increasing iqs of time, This is due to increased manipulations of abstract reasoning making them smarter.
video deficit
children do not learn much from screens
Sibling effect
oldest teaches younger consoldating information
nutrition
changes brain and iq due to health
richness effect
quality of they do during free time: tv vs books etc
nootropic substances
are substances that increasing intelligence
eg riatalin and modafinil
by inhibiting reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine
developmental psychology
study of human physical, cognitive, social, and behavioural charectheristcs acorss a lifespan
cross sectional design
measure and compare samples of people at different ages at a given point in time
logitudinal design
follow development of same set of individuals through time
cohort effects
difference that result from being born in different time periods
sensitive period
a window of time during which exposure to a specific type of environmental; stimu;lation is needed for development of a specific skill
zygote
initia; cell formed when the nuclei of egg and spem fuse
germinal stage
first phase of prenate development which spans from conception to two weeks. travels down tubes and starts splitting.
embyonic stage
2 to 8 weeks: embryo begins developing major physical structures such as the heart and nervous system as well as limbs
fetal stage
w8 to birth. sleletal organ, nervous systems become more developed. muscles develop and fetus begins to move. sleeping and waking start to
teratogens
drugs and environemntal toxins. eg alcohol and tobaco
first and second most important factor in development
nutrition after teratogens.
fetal alcohol syndrome
abnormalities in mental functioning, growth and facial development
smoking
decreases blood oxygen and raising nicotine and co2.
rooting reflex
stimulation of corners of mouth making them suck
moro reflex
when babies lose support of their head, they hug
gasping relex
stimulating the palm
synaptogenesis
the forming of new synaptic connections
synaptic pruning
loss of weak nerve cell connections
myleination
increase efficiency of nerve cells
cognitive development
the study of change in memory, though, and reasoning
assimilation
the conservative process whereby people fit new info into belief systems
accomoddation
a creative process where people modify bleifs
stages of cog dev
sensorimotor, preoperational, concreteoperational, formal operational
sensorimotor stage
thinking about and exploration of the world are based
on immediate sensory (e.g., seeing, feeling) and motor (e.g., grabbing,
mouthing) experience
preoperational stage
anguage development, using symbols, pretend
play, and mastering the concept of conservation.
concrete operational stage
when children develop skills in logical thinking and numbers
formal operational stage
involves the development of cog such as abstract reasoning and hypotehticals
scaffolding
a highly attentive approach to teaching which teacher matches gudance to the learners need
attachment
bond between infant and caregiver
bodily contanct
cloth mother over wire mother.
strange situation
n as a way of measuring infant attachment
by observing how infants behave when exposed to diff erent
experiences that involve anxiety and comfort.
self-awareness
the ability to recognize one’s individuality.
egocentric
meaning that they only consider their own perspective
theory of mind
he ability to recognize the thoughts, beliefs, and expectations
of others, and to understand that these can be diff erent from
one’s own
introjection
The internalization of conditional regard of s others
inductive discipline
involes explaing consequences to others people
Primary sex traits
reproduction
Secondary sex traits
are changes in body that are not reproduction. Pubic hair, breast size, muscle ass
menarche
mensturation
spermarch
ejaculation
Preconventional morality
Characterized by self-interest in seeking reward or avoiding
punishment.
Conventional morality
Regards social conventions and rules as guides for
appropriate moral behaviour
Postconventional morality
Considers rules and laws as relative. Right and wrong
are determined by more abstract principles of justice
and rights.
Dementia
Mild to severse distruption of mental function: memory loss, distorentation, poor judgement, and decison making
The First Horseman criticism
focus on change
defensiveness
“It’s not
my fault! You do x, y, and z too
The Third Horseman—
Contempt
Contempt
creeps in when one
partner feels superior to the
other
generativity
being engaged
in meaningful and productive work, as well as making contributions
to future generations.
sensitive stages
4 months
nomothetic
understand personality are relevant to whol populoations of people
