Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OB GYNE 4 > 9 3D > Flashcards

9 3D Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we do 3D

A 
Nose/lips (clefting)
NTD 
hand/feet/ankles
Heart - 4CH only view needed, VSD?
Gynecology-EV in endo
Mullerian duct abnormalities
Endometrium 
IUDS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

4 Different methods. Method 1 is?

A

Free hand 2D (curvilinear)
We manually do the sweep.
No measurements but no extra equip required.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Method 2

A

Used separate transmitter. attached to outside of 2D creates electromagnetic field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Method 3

A

Mechanical 3D/4D transducers
used motor, steered electronically, sweeps in fanlinke motion.
Bulky and heavy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Method 4

A

3D/4D matrix transducers

cardiac applications and more crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ROI means

A

Region of interest. (can adjust)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MPR means?

A

Multiplanar Reconstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pixels are?

A

smallest unit of 2D image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Voxel is?

A

the smallest unit of a 3D volume set

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

X =
Y=
Z=

A

Width of sweep
Height
Volume of the slice you’re taking (distance transducer covers in a sweep)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

For fetal heart you want a ___ volume angle

A

small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

For a Uterus ___volume angle

A

large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acquisition speed -Slow means?

A

More slices
Better quality volume
Higher resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acquisition speed -Fast means?

A

Active fetus

Eliminates fetal motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Poor image on 2D means?

A

POOR 3D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Factors affecting image quality

A

Maternal size
Decreased amniotic fluid
Fetal postion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3D multiplaner reconstrction 3 planes and forms volume.

explain X, Y , Z?

A 
A/X, = Sagittal
B/Y = transverse
C/Z= Coronal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which planes determine ROI?

A 
A/X, = Sagittal
B/Y = transverse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which place determines volume size?

A

C/Z= Coronal

20
Q

What has the lowest resolution ? Order of lowest to highest

A
  1. C/Z= Coronal - lowest
    B/Y = transverse
    A/X, = Sagittal
21
Q

The red dot application on EV

A

put in endo tissue in 3 planes

to look at endo

22
Q

Virtual rescan not limited to these 3 images .

Describe (4)

A

a multitude of images maybe reconstructed
can rotate images in any axis
can sweep through each plane
similar to repositioning transducer

23
Q

What is Tomographic US? (4)

A

similar to CT and MRI
Multislice
Doppler and Power Doppler can be used
More uniform protocols similar to our other modalities

24
Q

What is Rendering Modes?

A

Different algorithms used to display 3D data on screen

Look at bone (skull) or soft tissue

25
Q

What are the 3 surface rendering settings?

A
  1. Surface Smooth
  2. Surface texture
  3. Gradient light
26
Q

What is Surface smooth?

A

gives face smooth surface or skin. no underlying structures are displayed

27
Q

What is surface texture?

A

enhances details of a surface

28
Q

What is gradient light?

A

illuminating giving depth impression- more live like

29
Q

Electronic eraser is?

A

removes unwanted structures from image, placenta from face, uterine wall

30
Q

X ray mode/Max skeletal

A 
eliminates weaker signals like ST
visualize bone (stronger signal) 
Why? some syndromes have wormian bones (downs, and skeletal dysplasia)
31
Q

Inversion

A

hypoechoic structure turned into solid structure
a digital cast.
grey scale removed
cystic area visualized as an echogenic area

32
Q

Inversion technique with Obstetrical used with

A

Fetal ventricles
Dilated fetal urinary tract
Heart and vessels
Fetal stomach

33
Q

Inversion technique with Gynecology used with

A

Saline filled UT - sonohysterography
PCOS
Hydrosalpinx
Follicle monitoring

34
Q

Glass body or Transparency is used in conjunction with?

A

Color doppler

35
Q

Glass body or Transparency is tissue transparent and allows one to see ___better

A

vessels.

Grey scale completely removed

36
Q

VOCAL stands for?

A

Virtual Organ Computer Aided Analysis

37
Q

How does VOCAL SOFTWARE work?

A

measures volume or an irregular object. Maps it, rotated 180 around a fixed central axis and creates 3D model

38
Q

What is the difference between 3D vs 4D

A

4D is just 3D live real time.

3D = static, single sweep, volume stored and viewed

39
Q

Why use 3D/4D in Gyne?(6)

A 
Congenital Ut abnormalities 
IUCD location - perforation?
Endometrial lesions - ashermans, polyps, fibroids
Origin or adnexal masses
Sonohysterography
Infertility evaluations
40
Q

Bicornuate Ut

A

“bunny ears”
2 Uterus. Indentation >1 cm
(maybe us 2 IUCDs)

41
Q

Subseptate Vs Septate

A

Septate- all the way through, 2 endo canals, 1 Ut

Subseptae - >1 cm, not all way through Cx

42
Q

Arcuate Uterus is?

A

< 1cm indentation in fundus

43
Q

An Endo restriction is?

A

<5mm are hard to see

44
Q

Z technique is used for?

A

coronal Uterus

45
Q

Spine in multiple plane to look for?

A

Spina Bifida

Hemivertibrae

46
Q

AIUM states?

A

discourages the use of US for reasons not medically indicated

OB GYNE 4 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions