(9) Flashcards
an organism that is able to make all of its organic molecules using CO2 as the source of carbon; require the least “assistance” from the environment to grow
autotrophs
an organism that requires carbon in the form of organic molecules
heterotrophs
describes a microorganism with strict physiological requirements; difficult or impossible to grow unless specific conditions are provided; an organism that relies heavily on the environment to supply ready-made organic compounds
fastidious
a growth medium in which the amount and/or identity of at least one ingredient is unknown; extracts from plant or animal sources
undefined media
the amount and identity of every ingredient is known
defined media
What 4 classes of compounds make-up microbes?
(1) Proteins; (2) carbohydrates; (3) Lipids; (4) Nucleic acids
Microorganism that requires oxygen to survive and grow
obligate aerobe
microorganism that requires oxygen for growth
aerobic
Designation of an organism based on its ability to grow in the presence of oxygen
aerotolerance
A microorganism that requires oxygen at less than atmospheric concentration
microaerophile
Microorganism capable of both fermentation and respiration; grows in the presence or absence of oxygen
facultative anaerobes
microorganism that cannot tolerate oxygen
anaerobic
Microorganism for which oxygen is lethal; requires the complete absence of oxygen
obligate anaerobes
microaerophile that requires elevated CO2 levels
capnophile
a plastic jar in which to create anaerobic, microaerophilic, or CO2 enriched conditions depending on the specific needs of the bacteria being cultivated
GasPak Anerobic system
Describe the growth pattern of an anaerobic microbe in the presence of oxygen.
Removal of oxygen produces anaerobic
Presence of oxygen produces aerobic
What can be used to grow these organisms in the lab?
GasPack Anaerobic System
Minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures for an organism
cardinal temperatures
the temperatures below which the organism will not survive
minimum temperature
the temperatures above which the organism will not survive
maximum temperature
the temperature at which an organism shows the greatest growth over time – its highest growth rate
optimal temperature
organisms that grow only below 20 degrees Celsius, with an optimum around 15 degrees Celsius
psychrophiles
A microorganism that grows optimally at temperatures between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius but will grow at temperatures as low as 0 degrees Celsius and as high as 35 degrees Celsius; adapted to cold habitats that fluctuate
psychrotrophs
Bacteria adapted to temperatures between 15C and 45C
mesophiles
A microorganism that grows best at temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius
thermophiles
Microorganism that grows only at temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius
obligate thermophiles
Microorganism that prefers temperatures above 40 degrees Celsius but will grow in lower temperatures
facultative thermophiles
Organism that grows best at temperatures above 80 degrees Celsius; 65C to 110C
extreme thermophiles
Describe the classification of organisms based on temperature requirements.
Psychrophiles: 15C Psychrotrophs: 20C and 30C Mesophiles: 15C and 45C Thermophiles: 40C Extreme thermophiles: above 80C
organism adapted to a habitat below pH 5.5
acidophiles
organism adapted to a habitat between pH 5.5 and 8.5
neutrophiles
organism adapted to a habitat above pH 8.5
alkaliphiles
What pH is considered acidic? Basic? Neutral?
Acidic- 0-6
Basic- 8-14
Neutral- 7
What is the formula for determining pH?
pH = -log[H+]
Describe the classification of organisms based on pH requirements.
Acidophiles- below pH 5.5
Neutrophiles: between 5.5 and 8.5
Alkaliphiles: above pH 8.5
