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Question 1

a liquid or solid medium with microorganisms growing in or on it

Answer 1

cultures

Question 2

“sterile” transfer technique is required for virtually all procedures in which living microbes are handled, including isolations, staining, and differential testing; condition of being without contamination

Answer 2

aseptic

Question 3

federal and private organizations that are responsible for the proper testing, registration, and classification of the substances or systems used to prevent the spread of pathogens; broadly both substances and systems, chemical and physical are germicides

Answer 3

germicides

Question 4

target a wide variety of pathogens

Answer 4

broad-spectrum

Question 5

reduction of pathogenic microorganisms to a level at which items are safe to handle without protective attire. Decontamination is the physical removal or cleaning of objects or surfaces and, such as, is the lowest level of pathogen control. It is frequently (but not always) the preparatory work prior to disinfection or sterilization.

Answer 5

decontamination

Question 6

This level of control (between decontamination and sterilization) is designed to kill all or most targeted vegetative cells, but not spores. All levels employ solid, liquid, or gaseous agents (disinfectants) or inanimate objects or surfaces.

Answer 6

disinfection

Question 7

high level disinfectants; they have the ability to kill all vegetative cells & spores

Answer 7

chemical sterilants

Question 8

an actively metabolizing cell

Answer 8

vegetative cells

Question 9

In bacteria, a dormant form of a microbe protected by specialized coatings produced under conditions of, and resistant to, adverse conditions; also know as an endospore; in fungi and plants, spores are specialized reproductive cells; frequently a means of dissemination.

Answer 9

spores

Question 10

a disinfectant designed to be used on or in living tissue

Answer 10

antiseptics

Question 11

highest level of control; complete elimination of viable organisms including spores; can be achieved by many ways such as chemicals, gases, incineration ect…

Answer 11

sterilization

Question 12

Is hand washing considered decontamination, disinfection, or sterilization?

Answer 12

decontamination

Question 13

What are the levels of disinfection?

Answer 13

low, medium, and high

Question 14

What is an example of high-level of disinfection?

Answer 14

chemical sterilants because they have the ability to kill all vegetative cells and spores

Question 15

What are disinfections used on skin called?

Answer 15

antiseptics

Question 16

How is sterilization different from disinfection?

Answer 16

sterilization- is the complete elimination of viable organisms including spores
disinfection- designed to kill all or most targeted vegetative cells, but not spores

Question 17

What are examples of sterilization?

Answer 17

chemicals, gases, incineration

Question 18

substances designed to reduce the number of pathogens on a surface, liquid, and on or in living tissue

Answer 18

germicides

Question 19

germicides designed for use on surfaces (floors, tables, sinks, countertops, surgical instruments, ect.) or liquids

Answer 19

disinfection

Question 20

tests and classifies substances according to their effectiveness against pathogens; used to measure the effectiveness of disinfectants specifically agains Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica serovar Cholerasuis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; glass beads or stainless steel cylinders coated with living bacteria are exposed to varying concentrations (dilutions) of test disinfectants, then transferred to a growth medium; after a period of incubation, the medium is examined for growth; if a solution is sufficient to prevent microbial growth at lease 95% of the time, it meets the required standards and is considered a usable dilution of that disinfectant.

Answer 20

use-dilution test

Question 21

describes any substance that kills microorganisms, natural or synthetic

Answer 21

antimicrobial

Question 22

a valuable standard tool for measuring the effectiveness of antimicrobics against pathogenic microorganisms; antimicrobic-impregnated paper disks are placed on a plate inoculated to form a bacterial lawn; the plates are incubated to allow growth of the bacteria and time for the agent to diffuse into agar; as the substance moves through the agar, it establishes a concentration gradient; if the organism is susceptible to the agent, a clear zone will appear around the disk where growth has been inhibited

Answer 22

disk diffusion test

Question 23

on an agar plate, the area of nongrowth surrounding a paper disc containing an antimicrobial substance

Answer 23

zone of inhibition

Question 24

the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial substance required to inhibit growth of all microbial cells it contacts; on an agar plate, typically the outer edge of the zone of inhibition where the substance has diffused to the degree that it no longer inhibits growth

Answer 24

minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Question 25

If you are performing a disk-diffusion test and antibiotic X has a zone of inhibition of 2 cm and antibiotic Y has a zone of inhibition of 4 cm, which one is more effective?

Answer 25

antibiotic Y

Question 26

What are the 3 groups of UV radiation? What are the wavelengths associated with each group?

Answer 26

UV-A: longest wavelengths; ranging from 315 to 400 nm
UV-B: wavelengths between 280 and 315 nm
UV-C: wavelengths ranging from 100 to 280 nm

Question 27

Which group is the MOST detrimental to bacterial growth?

Answer 27

UV-C; bacterial exposure to UV-C for more than a few minutes usually results in irreparable DNA damage and death of the organism.

Question 28

a sterilization chamber that allows the use of steam under pressure to sterilize materials. The most common temperature/pressure combination for an autoclave is 121 C and 15 psi.

Answer 28

autoclave

Question 29

test systems that contain something living

Answer 29

biological indicator

Question 30

the dormant form of an organism; are highly resistant to both chemical and physical means of control

Answer 30

bacterial spores

Question 31

What is the normal sterilizing temperature?

Answer 31

Between 121 C for 15 mins

Question 32

What is the minimum sterilization time?

Answer 32

Temperature of 134 C for 18 minutes

Question 33

What organisms are resistant to temperatures >100°C?

Answer 33

Bacillus, Geobacillus and Clostridium