9

Question 1

Are signs of neuro dysfunction usually positive?

Answer 1

no, they are usually negative (loss of function)

Question 2

how does a lesion result in increased excitation?

Answer 2

loss of inhibition

Question 3

What is it called when there is a restoration or change in function?

Answer 3

reinnervation

Question 4

What does TINNTING refer to?

Answer 4

Trauma
Ischemia
Neoplasm
Neuro-degenerative
Toxins
Infection
Nutritional
Genetic

Question 5

What type of lesions cause cell death?

Answer 5

lesions effecting gray matter

Question 6

What type of lesions disrupt axonal communication?

Answer 6

lesions effecting white matter

Question 7

What are the 3 L’s to localizing a lesion?

Answer 7

Level, Location, Laterality

Question 8

Why cannot many lesions be attributed to their dysfunctions?

Answer 8

structure and pathways for complex functions (memory) are not fully understood

Question 9

What are the 2 major sensory pathways for pain, temperature, and crude touch?

Answer 9

Spinothalamic and trigeminothalamic

Question 10

What are the 2 major sensory pathways for discriminative touch, conscious proprioception?

Answer 10

DCML (dorsal column-medial lemniscus)

trigeminothalamic

Question 11

What are the major sensory pathways for non conscious proprioception?

Answer 11

dorsal spinocerebellar/ cuneocerebellar

vental spinocerebellar

Question 12

What are the major motor pathways for voluntary control?

Answer 12

corticospinal

corticobulbar

Question 13

What are the adjustment and fine tuning centers of the brain for motor function?

Answer 13

cerebellum, basal ganglia

Question 14

Where does the somatosensory pathway for pain, temp, itch, and tickle decussate?

Answer 14

Neuron 2 before it ascends to thalamus in the contralateral spinothalamic tract

Question 15

Where does the somatosensory for discriminative touch, conscious proprioception and visceral pain decussate?

Answer 15

Medulla, neuron two starts in medulla where it decussates. DCML system

Question 16

First order axons in DCML pathway ascend in what tract below T5?

Answer 16

fasciculus gracilis

Question 17

First order axons in DCML pathway ascend in what tract above T5?

Answer 17

fasciculus cuneatus

Question 18

What do lesions of DCML result in?

Answer 18

loss of 2 point discrimination, vibration,limb position sense.

Question 19

What tracts convey proprioceptive information to the cerebellum?

Answer 19

spinocerebellar tract (from muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs)

Question 20

Do lesions of the spinocerebellar tract produce any signs?

Answer 20

not usually…lateropulsion while walking may occur

Question 21

What is the major pathway for voluntary movement?

Answer 21

corticobulbospinal tract—-corticospinal system (mainly hands) and corticobulbar system (face/jaw)

Question 22

how many neurons are in the corticobulbospinal tract?

Answer 22

2- UMN and LMN

Question 23

Do the corticospinal tracts decussate?

Answer 23

Yes 90% in the decussation pyramids

Question 24

What do lesions of UMN result in?

Answer 24

paresis and a number of signs and symptoms that reflect loss of inhibitory influences on LMN

Question 25

What tract arises after motor decussation?

Answer 25

lateral corticospinal tract descend in lateral funiculus–synapse with LMN in the ventral horn

Question 26

Where do fibers of anterior corticospinal tract cross?

Answer 26

ventral white commissure to synapse on LMN

Question 27

What does lesion of LMN result in?

Answer 27

reflect loss of signals to generate muscle contraction

Question 28

What brain region allows for learning of complex motor tasks making them nearly automatic?

Answer 28

Basal Ganglia