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Neuro Self > 6 > Flashcards

6 Flashcards

1
Q

Although only 2% of weight…how much does brain consume energy?

A

15-20%

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2
Q

what is the major metabolic need for neurons?

A

transport

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3
Q

Are neurons dependent on insulin?

A

NO

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4
Q

Does the brain use large stores of glycogen and oxygen?

A

no

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5
Q

What is the normal rate of blood flow for 100gm of nervous tissue?

A

40-55 ml/min

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6
Q

What characteristic of the brain is defined by an intrinsic mechanism that regulates vessel diameter so that relatively constant blood flow in the brain is maintained in spite of variations in anatomic metabolic conditions?

A

Autoregulation- large spikes of BP systemically can have very little effect in the brain

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7
Q

True or False- the range of blood pressure fluctuations beyond which cerebral flow is affected is broader in individuals with arteriosclerosis of cerebral vessels?

A

False- it is narrower

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8
Q

When auto regulation fails, cerebral flood flow has a linear relationship with BP. What might cause this to occur?

A

Old age- decreased CBF
Epilepsy- increased CBF 2-3x
Arteriosclerosis- severe decrease CBF

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9
Q

An increase of CO2 in brain leads to?

A

vasodilation and increase in CBF

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10
Q

What syndrome- after prolonged ischemia, normal CO2 response fails and blood flows away from that region?

A

Steal syndrome

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11
Q

What happens in a marked decrease of arterial O2 in the brain>?

A

increase flow to that region

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12
Q

What does low pH do to blood flow in the brain?

A

it causes an increase in flow to that region

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13
Q

Is blood flow greater in gray or white matter?

A

gray matter

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14
Q

When does sympathetic regulation become important to CBF?

A

outside the bounds of autoregulation—very heavy exercise

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15
Q

True or false- CBF is directly proportional to viscosity?

A

false- it is inversely

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16
Q

What is the difference between CT/MRI and PET/fMRI/SPECT?

A

The latter reflect metabolic activity and blood flow

17
Q

Does the CSF help to regulate CBF?

A

yes

18
Q

What is the flow path of CSF creation and distribution?

A

Lateral Ventricle>interventricular foramen of monroe>3rd ventricle>cerebral aqueduct of sylvius>4th ventricle>foramina lushka and foramen magendie>cisternae>some spinal cord>arachnoid villi>superior sagital sinus

19
Q

What are enlargements of subarachnoid space called?

A

cisterns

20
Q

Where is choroid plexus seen?

A 
lateral ventricle(except anterior horn)
3rd and 4th ventricle
21
Q

What are other sources of CSF production?

A

ependyma, cerebral pia,

22
Q

Where is the major site of absorption of CSF?

A

arachnoid granules

23
Q

What are the 2 major functions of CSF?

A
  1. Physical support–buoyancy/cushion

2. CNS Homeostasis- ions, pH, glucose

24
Q

Does CSF cycle through more than once a day?

A

YEs- total V= 150 and rate of formation is 500-600ml /day

25
Q

What is Monroe Kelley Doctrine?

A

skull is rigid-pressure goes up if volume goes up

26
Q

Is lumbar puncture indicated for patients with increase intracranial pressure?

A

No- sudden release may cause herniation

27
Q

Normally–does CSF have very many cells?

A

NO, also low in protein and glucose

28
Q

What does a presence of more intense oligoclonal bands (IgG) in CSF greater than blood suggest?

A

autoimmune disease (e.g. multiple sclerosis)

29
Q

What is the function of the blood brain barrier?

A

protect brain from harmful substances found in the blood, isolates brain cells from fluctuations in systemic blood

30
Q

are cerebral capillaries fenestrated?

A

no- tight junctions, basement membrane and neuroglial membrane

31
Q

does astrocyte foot play a role in blood brain barrier?

A

no–maybe a little but not significant

32
Q

where is the source of nitric oxide for vasodilation?

A

endothelial cells

33
Q

Are choroid plexus endothelial cells fenestrated?

A

yes

34
Q

What defines the blood csf barrier?

A

tight junctions between epithelial cells

35
Q

What disease- yellow staining of CSF by bilirubin, decreased muscle tone, movement disorders, high pitch hearing loss, seizures?

A

kernicterus

36
Q

What are the 3 causes of kernicterus?

A
  1. Excess bilirubin
  2. inability of liver to conjugate bilirubin
  3. disruption of blood brain barrier
37
Q

What disease- inflammatory demyelination, autoimmune, breakdown of blood brain barrier occurs

A

multiple sclerosis

38
Q

What strategies are used to get drugs past blood brain barrier?

A
  • prolong half life
  • increase lipid solubility
  • enhance via carrier mechanisms
39
Q

What is an increase in RBC in the blood?

A

polycythemia—anemia is a decrease

Neuro Self (12 decks)

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