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Neuro Self > 8 > Flashcards

8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 major modalities of somatic sensation?

A

Discrimitive touch, proproception, temperature sense, nociception

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2
Q

what are the ‘first order neuron’ in the somatosensory pathway?

A

DRG

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3
Q

Where are the cell bodies for somatosensory of the head?

A

trigeminal ganglion

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of major peripheral terminals?

A
  1. Encapsulated by non neural structure- touch proprioception
  2. Bare ending- thermal/pain
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5
Q

What are the four elementary attributes of stimuli?

A

modality, location, intensity, duration

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6
Q

What do axons differ in?

A

size and velocity

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7
Q

What group of axons do mechanoreceptors belong in?

A

AB- 2nd largest, CV=25-75 m/sec

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8
Q

What axon group is cool, sharp pain?

A

A,sigma—CV 5-30 m/sec

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9
Q

What axon group is warm, aching pain and itch sensory receptors part of?

A

C- CV= .5-2.5 m/sec, not myelinated for the most part

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10
Q

What axon group is proprioceptors of skeletal muscle?

A

Group I of axons from muscle

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11
Q

Where do 3rd order somatosensory neurons always innervate in the brain?

A

thalamus

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12
Q

What is the region of space in which the presence of a stimulus will alter the firing of that neuron?

A

receptive field- may overlap

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13
Q

Do higher order neurons have receptive fields?

A

yes

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14
Q

Spatial resolution arises from what?

A

input of excitatory and inhibitory neurons which help to determine whether or not the higher order neuron should fire and will give the stimulus a distinct edge

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15
Q

What do meissner’s corpuscles feel and what is their adaptation speed?

A

stroking/fluttering—-fast

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16
Q

What do Merkel’s disk receptors feel and what is their adaptation sped?

A

Pressure—-slow

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17
Q

What do pacinian corpuscles feel and what is their adaptation speed?

A

vibration—-fast

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18
Q

What do ruffini ending feel and what is their adaptation sped?

A

skin stretch—–slow

19
Q

What happens in a combination of senses in the cortex?

A

they are integrated….not summated

20
Q

In superficial skin layers- can a single DRG innervate several clusters of meissners and merkels/

A

Yes—on the other hand only one DRG for deep layer pacinian and ruffini

21
Q

When do fast adapting receptors fire again after stopping?

A

after a change in stimulus intensity

22
Q

What mechanoreceptors are slow adapting and what does this characteristic allow them to signal?

A

Merkel’s/Ruffini—-magnitude/intensity

23
Q

What does the characteristic of fast adapting receptors allow them to signal?

A

rate of velocity

24
Q

Can slow adapting receptors cease firing?

A

yes after several minutes

25
Q

What do proprioceptors sense?

A

joint position, muscle stretch and muscle tension—-conscious and non conscious

26
Q

What are the conscious proprioceptors?

A

joint receptors

27
Q

What are the 2 non conscious proprioceptors/

A
  1. muscle spindles–muscle length and speed—sent to the cerebellum
  2. Golgi tendons– muscle stretch
28
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle spindle fibers?

A

Fast type 1a-excite deep tendon reflex

Slow type II-active during steady state

29
Q

What type of fiber is on golgi organs?

A

fast type Ib–stretch -inhibit alpha motor neurons to prevent injury

30
Q

what are the 4 types of thermal sensation?

A

cold, cool, warm, hot

31
Q

What thermal sensations are detected by thermoreceptors?

A

cool and warm- both active at normal body temperatures

32
Q

What type of receptors does noxious stimuli activate?

A

nociceptors

33
Q

thermal nociceptors are activated by?

A

extreme temps- 45—Asigma fibers fast adapting

34
Q

What are polymodal nociceptors activated by?

A

high intensity chemical , mechanical or thermal stimuli—C fibers—slow adapting [THIS IS FOR SLOW ACHING PAIN]

35
Q

special class of nociceptor that does not respond to mechanical thermal or chemical signals?

A

silent nocicepor—only if injury occurs

36
Q

Are muscle nociceptors found in muscle?

A

no- CT around the muscle

37
Q

Is pain a function of nociceptor?

A

No- no brain=no pain…it is the emotional experience

38
Q

What are the 2 dimensions of pain?

A

sensory discrimitive dimension

affective dimension-unpleasantness

39
Q

What is the effect of peripheral sensitization?

A

primary hyperalgesia– response threshold decreases, response magnitude increases, activate spontaneously, increase of receptive fields

40
Q

What is the effect of central sensitization-severe and persistent tissue injury?

A

c fibers fire repetitively> wind up> secondary hyperalgesia—-central neurons undergo large increases in receptive field size

41
Q

Are most visceral nerve ending bare?

A

yes

42
Q

What groups of axons are mostly for visceral nerves?

A

A sigma and C

43
Q

What type of nociceptors are there for visceral sensations?

A

inflammation, ischemia, distension, cramping

Neuro Self (12 decks)

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