9/15 Anatomy of Lungs

Question 1

the outside membrane surrounding the lungs

Answer 1

the Parietal pleura

Question 2

the inside sereous membrane surrounding the lungs

Answer 2

the Visceral pleura.

Question 3

what unique property of the pleura help maintain the inflation of the lungs?

Answer 3

the vacuum seal between the parietal pleura and th visceral pleura

Question 4

what is between teh parietal and visceral pleura?

Answer 4

the pleural space.

Question 5

the section of the parietal pleura that lines the ribs and the lungs on the anterior to posterior

Answer 5

the costal parietal pleura

Question 6

the sectio of the parietal pleura that lines the bottom of the lungs

Answer 6

Diaphragmatic parietal pleura

Question 7

the part of the covering of the lung that is towards the heart.

Answer 7

the nediastinal parietal pleura

Question 8

the part of the membrane surrounding the lungs that covers the most supperior section of the lungs

Answer 8

cervical parietal pleura

Question 9

The space between the bottom and the lungs and the muscular structure bellow

Answer 9

the costal diaphagmatic recess

Question 10

how does the costal diaphragmatic recess change whith resperation?

Answer 10

the recess will fill up during inhalation

Question 11

wwhat nerves convey sensory informaiton from the daphragmatic and costal parietal pleura?

Answer 11

C3,C4, C5 phrenic nerve provides inervation to the daphragmatic and the costal parietal pleura.

Question 12

What provides innervation to the parietal pleura.

Answer 12

the intercostal nerves (somatic sensory of pain, temp, touch)

Question 13

what provides innervation to the mediastinal parietal pleura?

Answer 13

The phrenic nerve from C3,C4,C5,

Question 14

What type of nerve provides innervation to the Visceral pleura?

Answer 14

visceral sensory neurons.

Question 15

what spinal levels provide visceral sensory innervation to the visceral pleura?

Answer 15

The Medula (parasympathetic tracks), and the T1-T4 spinal chord level (sympathetic nerve tracks)

Question 16

what happens to result in pneumothorax?

Answer 16

Pheumothorax is a deflated lung. for this to happen, we lose the “water” between the parietal and visceral pleura and lose the hydrostatic pressure to keep the lung inflated.

Question 17

what fissures seperat the lobes of the right lung

Answer 17

Latteral fissure seperates the RUl/RML and the oblique fissure seperates the RML/RLL

Question 18

what fissures seperate the lobes of the left lung.

Answer 18

Oblique fissure sepperates the LUL/LLL

Question 19

what are the lobes of the lungs?

Answer 19

RUL;RML;RLL;;LUL;LLL

Question 20

what structure is a “middle lobe” for the left lung

Answer 20

Lingula

Question 21

What is another name for the primary bronchus?

Answer 21

right/left main bronchi

Question 22

contrast the left and right primary bronchi

Answer 22

right is larger verticle and shorter;; left is horizontal/thinner and longer.

Question 23

what do primary bronchi supply?

Answer 23

the secondary or the lobular bronchi

Question 24

what is another name for the secondary bronchus?

Answer 24

the lobular bronchus.

Question 25

what do the secondary bronchi supply?

Answer 25

The different lobes of the lung

Question 26

how many secondary bronchi are there

Answer 26

there are 3 on the right and two on the left

Question 27

what is another name for the tertiary bronchus?

Answer 27

the Segmental bronchi

Question 28

what do the tertiary bronchi supply in the lungs?

Answer 28

the different segments of the lungs

Question 29

what is a discreat region where vessel/airway are able to be surgically seperted and removed?

Answer 29

a bronchopulmonary segment.

Question 30

what CNS levels contribute to sympathetic innervation of the airways?

Answer 30

T1-T4.

Question 31

what is the result of sympathetic innervation of airways?

Answer 31

Increase Resp. rate and airway gets bigger!

Question 32

What CNS levels contribute to parasympathetic innervatio of the airways?

Answer 32

Medula

Question 33

what is the result of parasympathetic innervation of airways?

Answer 33

pulmonary constriction

Question 34

what is the group of nerves at the level of the secondary bronchi that supplies the innervation to the lungs?

Answer 34

the pulmonary plexus

Question 35

the smallest branches of the airways

Answer 35

the broncholes

Question 36

the material that covers the bronchioli in thin plates to maintain structure.

Answer 36

cartilage

Question 37

encircling bands around the bronchioles, controls diameter through autonomics

Answer 37

smooth muscles

Question 38

The structure where gas exchange takes place

Answer 38

Alveolar sacs

Question 39

carry oxygenated blood in the lungs

Answer 39

Pulmonary veins

Question 40

carry de-oxygenated blood in the lungs

Answer 40

Pulmonary arteries

Question 41

What are the basic attachments of the daphragm?

Answer 41

along the ribs/ costal cartilage, along the sternum and xyphoid process and along ribs on the other side and back to vertebral.

Question 42

what is boyles law?

Answer 42

Pressure is inversely related to volume.

Question 43

how does the diaphragm pull on the lungs?

Answer 43

by attaching to the parietal pleura, so it can hydrostatically pull on the lungs.

Question 44

what innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 44

The phrenic nerve from C3,C4,C5,

Question 45

what innervates the mediastinum diaphragmatic parietal pleura?

Answer 45

The phrenic nerve from C3,C4,C5,

Question 46

tendenous structures that attach the diaphragm to the vetebral colomn

Answer 46

the left and right Crus or the Crura.

Question 47

what are the three apatures of the diaphragm?

Answer 47

the aortic aperture; the esophageal aperture, and the caval aperture.

Question 48

what spinal cord level is ht Aortic aperture in the diaphragm?

Answer 48

the T12 level.

Question 49

What level is the esophageal aperature?

Answer 49

the T10 level

Question 50

What level is the Inferior vena cava level

Answer 50

T8 vetebral level.

Question 51

how does the diaphragm fill the lungs?

Answer 51

by contracting and flattening and pulling on the pleura membrane that pulls ont he serous membraen through the hydrostatic pressure and expands the volume of the lungs, pressure down, and air comes in.

Question 52

acts as a bucket handle type lift to the ribs to increase the volume of the lungs.

Answer 52

Intercostal/seratus anterior

Question 53

Lifts the ribs lice a pump handle to increase volume of the lungs

Answer 53

The scalene/ sternocleidomastoid muscles

Question 54

which way does blood flow in a avioli during exhalation?

Answer 54

the oxygenated blood is leaving the avioli, and the deoxygenated blood is coming in. This will never change (even during inhalation!!!)

Question 55

what type of blood is in the pum. Vien in the avioli?

Answer 55

Oxygenated blood

Question 56

what type of blood is the Pulm. Artery in avioli

Answer 56

deoxygenated blood.

Question 57

which way does gas exchange take place in the avioli?

Answer 57

oxygen towards the pul. capilary and CO2 towards the avioli.

Question 58

why would we not want fluid in the avioli sack?

Answer 58

decreased surface area for gas exhange

Question 59

how could we get fluid into the avioli?

Answer 59

microbilogical signal like histamine, or edema caused from heart failure and back up of the veanous system (maybe form left heart failure)

Question 60

what is stroma?

Answer 60

structureal tissue

Question 61

parachima tissue?

Answer 61

the functional tissue.

Question 62

what is the epiglottis?

Answer 62

the flap of elastic cartilage tissue at the root of the tounge that covers the larynx when you swallow

Question 63

what is the glottis

Answer 63

space between vocal folds

Question 64

where would a swallowe object end up in the airway..

Answer 64

the right primary bronchus to the right secondary bronchus (inferior lobe) (it is a straight shot down)

Question 65

would paralyzing the diaphram make it impossible to inhale or exhale?

Answer 65

Exhale! inhalation is passive and due to the diaphragm relaxing, while exhalation is active and due to the diaphragm flexing!

Question 66

how are the lungs adhered to the wall of the chest?

Answer 66

the hydrostatic pressure of the water between the pariatal and visceral plural layers.

Question 67

what is hemothorax

Answer 67

blood in the thorax space.

Question 68

what is paradoxical brathing

Answer 68

when the ribs move in when inhale and move out when you exhale

Question 69

what could result in paradoxical breathing?

Answer 69

Flail chest where segments of the rib cage break under stress and becomes detached from the rest of the throacic wall.

Question 70

what would cause paradoxical breathing

Answer 70

inhalation results in decreased pressure which draws the lung in against the hydrostatic seal of the plueral fluid. If the parietal plural is not held back by the thorasic wall and ribs then it will pull in and allow the lung to be sucked in. Then during exhalation: volume down, pressure up and if not held back by ribs, the lungs push out.

Question 71

what are the accessory reparatory muscles?

Answer 71

Inter costal / seratus anterior, and Scalene/ Sternocleidemastoid muscles.