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FOM Quiz 3 > 9/15 Anatomy of Lungs > Flashcards

9/15 Anatomy of Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

the outside membrane surrounding the lungs

A

the Parietal pleura

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2
Q

the inside sereous membrane surrounding the lungs

A

the Visceral pleura.

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3
Q

what unique property of the pleura help maintain the inflation of the lungs?

A

the vacuum seal between the parietal pleura and th visceral pleura

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4
Q

what is between teh parietal and visceral pleura?

A

the pleural space.

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5
Q

the section of the parietal pleura that lines the ribs and the lungs on the anterior to posterior

A

the costal parietal pleura

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6
Q

the sectio of the parietal pleura that lines the bottom of the lungs

A

Diaphragmatic parietal pleura

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7
Q

the part of the covering of the lung that is towards the heart.

A

the nediastinal parietal pleura

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8
Q

the part of the membrane surrounding the lungs that covers the most supperior section of the lungs

A

cervical parietal pleura

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9
Q

The space between the bottom and the lungs and the muscular structure bellow

A

the costal diaphagmatic recess

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10
Q

how does the costal diaphragmatic recess change whith resperation?

A

the recess will fill up during inhalation

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11
Q

wwhat nerves convey sensory informaiton from the daphragmatic and costal parietal pleura?

A

C3,C4, C5 phrenic nerve provides inervation to the daphragmatic and the costal parietal pleura.

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12
Q

What provides innervation to the parietal pleura.

A

the intercostal nerves (somatic sensory of pain, temp, touch)

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13
Q

what provides innervation to the mediastinal parietal pleura?

A

The phrenic nerve from C3,C4,C5,

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14
Q

What type of nerve provides innervation to the Visceral pleura?

A

visceral sensory neurons.

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15
Q

what spinal levels provide visceral sensory innervation to the visceral pleura?

A

The Medula (parasympathetic tracks), and the T1-T4 spinal chord level (sympathetic nerve tracks)

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16
Q

what happens to result in pneumothorax?

A

Pheumothorax is a deflated lung. for this to happen, we lose the “water” between the parietal and visceral pleura and lose the hydrostatic pressure to keep the lung inflated.

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17
Q

what fissures seperat the lobes of the right lung

A

Latteral fissure seperates the RUl/RML and the oblique fissure seperates the RML/RLL

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18
Q

what fissures seperate the lobes of the left lung.

A

Oblique fissure sepperates the LUL/LLL

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19
Q

what are the lobes of the lungs?

A

RUL;RML;RLL;;LUL;LLL

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20
Q

what structure is a “middle lobe” for the left lung

A

Lingula

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21
Q

What is another name for the primary bronchus?

A

right/left main bronchi

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22
Q

contrast the left and right primary bronchi

A

right is larger verticle and shorter;; left is horizontal/thinner and longer.

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23
Q

what do primary bronchi supply?

A

the secondary or the lobular bronchi

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24
Q

what is another name for the secondary bronchus?

A

the lobular bronchus.

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25
Q

what do the secondary bronchi supply?

A

The different lobes of the lung

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26
Q

how many secondary bronchi are there

A

there are 3 on the right and two on the left

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27
Q

what is another name for the tertiary bronchus?

A

the Segmental bronchi

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28
Q

what do the tertiary bronchi supply in the lungs?

A

the different segments of the lungs

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29
Q

what is a discreat region where vessel/airway are able to be surgically seperted and removed?

A

a bronchopulmonary segment.

30
Q

what CNS levels contribute to sympathetic innervation of the airways?

A

T1-T4.

31
Q

what is the result of sympathetic innervation of airways?

A

Increase Resp. rate and airway gets bigger!

32
Q

What CNS levels contribute to parasympathetic innervatio of the airways?

A

Medula

33
Q

what is the result of parasympathetic innervation of airways?

A

pulmonary constriction

34
Q

what is the group of nerves at the level of the secondary bronchi that supplies the innervation to the lungs?

A

the pulmonary plexus

35
Q

the smallest branches of the airways

A

the broncholes

36
Q

the material that covers the bronchioli in thin plates to maintain structure.

A

cartilage

37
Q

encircling bands around the bronchioles, controls diameter through autonomics

A

smooth muscles

38
Q

The structure where gas exchange takes place

A

Alveolar sacs

39
Q

carry oxygenated blood in the lungs

A

Pulmonary veins

40
Q

carry de-oxygenated blood in the lungs

A

Pulmonary arteries

41
Q

What are the basic attachments of the daphragm?

A

along the ribs/ costal cartilage, along the sternum and xyphoid process and along ribs on the other side and back to vertebral.

42
Q

what is boyles law?

A

Pressure is inversely related to volume.

43
Q

how does the diaphragm pull on the lungs?

A

by attaching to the parietal pleura, so it can hydrostatically pull on the lungs.

44
Q

what innervates the diaphragm?

A

The phrenic nerve from C3,C4,C5,

45
Q

what innervates the mediastinum diaphragmatic parietal pleura?

A

The phrenic nerve from C3,C4,C5,

46
Q

tendenous structures that attach the diaphragm to the vetebral colomn

A

the left and right Crus or the Crura.

47
Q

what are the three apatures of the diaphragm?

A

the aortic aperture; the esophageal aperture, and the caval aperture.

48
Q

what spinal cord level is ht Aortic aperture in the diaphragm?

A

the T12 level.

49
Q

What level is the esophageal aperature?

A

the T10 level

50
Q

What level is the Inferior vena cava level

A

T8 vetebral level.

51
Q

how does the diaphragm fill the lungs?

A

by contracting and flattening and pulling on the pleura membrane that pulls ont he serous membraen through the hydrostatic pressure and expands the volume of the lungs, pressure down, and air comes in.

52
Q

acts as a bucket handle type lift to the ribs to increase the volume of the lungs.

A

Intercostal/seratus anterior

53
Q

Lifts the ribs lice a pump handle to increase volume of the lungs

A

The scalene/ sternocleidomastoid muscles

54
Q

which way does blood flow in a avioli during exhalation?

A

the oxygenated blood is leaving the avioli, and the deoxygenated blood is coming in. This will never change (even during inhalation!!!)

55
Q

what type of blood is in the pum. Vien in the avioli?

A

Oxygenated blood

56
Q

what type of blood is the Pulm. Artery in avioli

A

deoxygenated blood.

57
Q

which way does gas exchange take place in the avioli?

A

oxygen towards the pul. capilary and CO2 towards the avioli.

58
Q

why would we not want fluid in the avioli sack?

A

decreased surface area for gas exhange

59
Q

how could we get fluid into the avioli?

A

microbilogical signal like histamine, or edema caused from heart failure and back up of the veanous system (maybe form left heart failure)

60
Q

what is stroma?

A

structureal tissue

61
Q

parachima tissue?

A

the functional tissue.

62
Q

what is the epiglottis?

A

the flap of elastic cartilage tissue at the root of the tounge that covers the larynx when you swallow

63
Q

what is the glottis

A

space between vocal folds

64
Q

where would a swallowe object end up in the airway..

A

the right primary bronchus to the right secondary bronchus (inferior lobe) (it is a straight shot down)

65
Q

would paralyzing the diaphram make it impossible to inhale or exhale?

A

Exhale! inhalation is passive and due to the diaphragm relaxing, while exhalation is active and due to the diaphragm flexing!

66
Q

how are the lungs adhered to the wall of the chest?

A

the hydrostatic pressure of the water between the pariatal and visceral plural layers.

67
Q

what is hemothorax

A

blood in the thorax space.

68
Q

what is paradoxical brathing

A

when the ribs move in when inhale and move out when you exhale

69
Q

what could result in paradoxical breathing?

A

Flail chest where segments of the rib cage break under stress and becomes detached from the rest of the throacic wall.

70
Q

what would cause paradoxical breathing

A

inhalation results in decreased pressure which draws the lung in against the hydrostatic seal of the plueral fluid. If the parietal plural is not held back by the thorasic wall and ribs then it will pull in and allow the lung to be sucked in. Then during exhalation: volume down, pressure up and if not held back by ribs, the lungs push out.

71
Q

what are the accessory reparatory muscles?

A

Inter costal / seratus anterior, and Scalene/ Sternocleidemastoid muscles.

FOM Quiz 3 (7 decks)

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