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Question 1

Diffusion

Answer 1

Defined as the movement of individual solutes of a substance through a semipermeable barrier from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Question 2

Filtration

Answer 2

Process is a physical separation method characterized by the ability to separate molecules (solvents) of different sizes and characteristics. Its driving force is the difference in pressure between the two sides of a special membran

Question 3

Hydraulic permeability of the membrane:

Hydraulic resistance of the membrane:

Answer 3

equation:

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

A term used to describe the diffusion of a solvent across a semipermeable membrane. While the dissolved matter, or solute is left behind. In biological process, the solvent is usually water. The energy obtained from the inherent kinetic energy of the solvent molecules.

Question 5

Osmosis Formula:

Osmotic pressure is a parameter characterizing solutions:

Answer 5

Jv = Lp x Δπ 
π = σ.g.i.c.R.T
T= temperature K
R= gas constant; 8,315J⋅K−1⋅mol−1 
C= Molar concentration of solute 
I= number of ions dissociated (isotonic coefficient)
G= osmotic coefficient 0≤g≤1 (close)
σ = coefficient reflection  0≤σ≤1

Question 6

For non-ideally semipermeable membrane:

Answer 6

Δp = Δπ = σ⋅g⋅ Δc⋅R⋅T with 0 ≤ σ ≤ 1

Question 7

Biological effect - Cell volume regulation:

Answer 7

Hypertonic solution = If a cell is placed in this solution, there will be a net flow of water out of the cell, and the cell will lose volume.

Isotonic solution = If a cell is placed in this solution, there will be no net flow of water into or out of the cell, and the cell’s volume will remain stable.

Hypotonic solution = If a cell is placed in this solution, there will be a net flow of water into the cell, and the cell will gain volume.