9-10 Flashcards
Layers of corrugated plastic or metal inside the fill that helps to keep water from being blown out of the cooling tower
drift eliminators
a type of cooling tower where fans located on the sides at the bottom of the tower are used to force air up through the tower
forced draft
an operational issue where various kinds of deposits with a water distribution system build up, can be biological or deposition
fouling
type of cooling where fans, located at the top of the tower, remove hot air which creates a low pressure pocket in the tower causing cooler air to be drawn in from the bottom
induced draft
method of fouling control where chemicals are added to prevent chemical reactions or biological demand that might cause deposits to build up, bleach is a common biocide that prevents and controls biological growth
inhibtors
testing performed on water samples to ensure correct levels of chemical injection, common water test include pH, calcium hardness, phosphate, free chlorine, and corrosion coupons.
water analysis
Components which adjust the amount of direction of airflow into the cooling tower, located at the outer sides of the cooling tower and typically spend the whole length
louvers
the temperature where vapors condense to liquid
dew point
a method of fouling control where dispersants, such as polymers, are added to prevent the formulation of deposits
antifoulants
an operations issue where a metal is deteriorated or damaged, caused by oxygen and other dissolved gases entrained in the water, controlled by pH controls or corrosion inhibitors.
corrosion
a method of corrosion control where chemicals are added to act as a passivation film (protective layer) on metal parts to minimize localized corrosion, typically done with phosphate.
corrosion inhibitors
a type of fouling where impurities from the water are deposited on heat transfer surfaces, commonly referred to as scaling
deposition
relies on conduction and convection to transfer heat through boundaries from one process fluid to another
heat exchangers
allows the transfer of heat from a hot process fluid to a cooler fluid without direct physical contact
heat exchangers
- flow is ideal in heat exchangers because it provides more mixing and better heat transfer
turbulent flow
this type of exchangers are typically used for high pressure or temperature because they are very rugged due to construction and shape
shell & tube
this type of exchangers are typically when only a small amount of heat needs to be transferred between streams and is through true counter-flow
double pipe
provide the heat necessary to separate final products from by-products in a distillation column.
reboilers
when putting an exchanger in service, always line up the _____ side first to avoid thermal shock or vapor locking
cool side
occurs when the tube side stream and shell side stream flow in opposite directions, but parallel to each other
couter-current flow
occurs when the tube side and the shell side streams flow perpendicular to each other, the shell side stream flows across the two bundles that are baffled.
cross-flow
