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9-10 POD > 11-12 > Flashcards

11-12 Flashcards

1
Q

This type of fire heaters outside the structure is shaped like a cylinder in these heaters the tubes are mounted vertically.

A

vertical (cylindrical heater)

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2
Q

This type of heater is a firebrick and/or fiberboard insulated flat sided structure that is typically designed for a small to medium range of input heat. May or may not have a convection section below the stack to make them more efficient.

A

Box

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3
Q

This type of fired heater may have a bridge wall in the firebox which allows them to input the highest amount of heat in the radiant section of the firebox. Can also accommodate large process flows, and are typically equipped with large convection sections making them very efficient.

A

Cabin

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4
Q

Which types of heaters have self draining (typically) tubes that are mounted horizontally and parallel on the walls and ceiling. Usually common used process that contain liquids or slurries & easier to clean than vertical.

A

Cabin & Box

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5
Q

a device in the fired heater that positions a flame in the desired location.

A

burner

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6
Q

Name the 3 types of burners

A

premix, diffusion, combination

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7
Q

when the fuel gas pressure to the burner is too low to sustain combustion, which causes dangerous amounts of combustible gases to build up in the heater that could lead to an explosion

A

flameouts

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8
Q

a small burner located close to a main burner which is used to ignite the main burner. They must be lit at all times

A

pilot

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9
Q

the portion of a burner which controls the flow of combustion air to the combustion zone and determines characteristics of that flow

A

air register

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10
Q

adjustment of the _____ is very important to proper flame and flue gas precent oxygen control also known as ________.

A

air register , excess air

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11
Q

upstream of fired heater, process fluids are divided into separate inlet pipes called _____

A

passes

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12
Q

the ______ protects the tubes in the convection section from radiant heat

A

shield section

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13
Q

controls the flow of flue gas as it exits the fired heater

A

damper

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14
Q

is used to clear the firebox or any residual fuel gas before lighting off a fired heater during the startup procedure

A

snuffing steam

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15
Q

safety shutoff valves (ESD’s) are located on the _________line _______ of the fired heater fuel gas header.

A

main fuel, upstream

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16
Q

draft can be created in what 4 ways

A

natural, induced, forced, balanced

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17
Q

_______systems have a fan that forces air in the firebox, and a fan that pulls the flue gases out of the firebox

A

balance draft

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18
Q

a method of removing combustibles from a firebox in preparation for lighting burners before startup

A

purge

19
Q

a situation or condition where the flame from a burner makes contact with the tubes, a very dangerous situation which can lead to tube failure

A

impingement

20
Q

the exact amount of air that is required to completely convert Fuels to CO2 and H2O

A

Stoichiometric

21
Q

the temperature at which mixtures of fuel and air will ignite without a flame or spark

A

auto-ignition

22
Q

protective instrument control systems (sensors and logic control systems) which are almost always provided in process heaters and boilers to avoid dangerous conditions.

A

interlocks

23
Q

a lining specifically designed to line the walls, floor, and ceiling of a firebox to reduce the heat losses externally and reflect the heat back to the tubes. Chalk like brick, stainless steel rods, & gunite

A

refractory

24
Q

the hottest section of a fired heater, located at the bottom, process fluids flow down from the convection to the _______ section while hot gases flow up from the _______ to convection section

A

radiant section

25
Q

A plants steam system has ____ basic sections with _____ separate, but related functions

A

four, four

26
Q

Name the 4 basic sections of a pants steam system

A

Generation, Distribution, End Use, Recovery

27
Q

occurs in a fuel fired boiler or a specially designed waste heat recovery device that applies heat energy to water in order to create steam

A

generation

28
Q

occurs after steam leaves the steam generator and is released into a steam header, pressure reducing station, or piping to be transmitted to the intended piece of equipment or process

A

distribution

29
Q

used as a mechanical energy to operate drivers for equipment like pumps, to provide heat for refining processes, as a stripping agent in a specific process, to purge and clean vessels, and for heat tracing vulnerable equipment

A

end use

30
Q

when as much heat energy is removed from the steam, it changes into a water or water vapor mix that is recovered, de-aerated, chemically treated, and used again; depends on the efficiency of each plant’s steam system, but there are many reliability and economic advantages to reusing the water as many times as possible

A

recovery

31
Q

directs water impurities into the drum below the firebox

A

downcomers

32
Q

located at the bottom of the boiler where impurities can settle out of boiler feed water to help minimize scale

A

mud drum

33
Q

dissolved minerals from hard water that precipitate out of boiler feed water, either in heater tubes or in the steam space around a water and steam interface level

A

scaling

34
Q

is used to provide a water sources for boiler and steam generators. Water is high quality & usually has been treated and filtered

A

boiler feed water

35
Q

4 factors that impact boiler operations include

A

temperature
pressure
water level
water quality

36
Q

______ happens after steam leaves the steam generator and is released into a steam header, pressure reducing station, or piping to be transmitted to the intended piece of equipment or process.

A

distribution

37
Q

4 Major components of a steam distribution system

A

steam header
pressure reducing station
de-superheater
steam traps

38
Q

is usually a pipe that carries steam to service a number of other devices, such as steam tracers, pumps, reboilers, or stripping steam to towers

A

steam header

39
Q

is used to return recovered condensate to the steam generation section of a steam system

A

condensate return piping

40
Q

equipment used for steam generation which are generally small and/or portable fired heaters, not a common design

A

fire-tube boilers

41
Q

equipment used for steam generation which are generally medium or large fired heaters, consist of a firebox surrounded by tubes filled with condensate and steam, sometimes referred to as direct fired, most common design

A

water-tube boilers

42
Q

equipment used for steam generation where heat energy from flue gases off a process fired heater generate steam

A

waste heat recovered boiler

43
Q

5 main components that make up a boiler

A

economizer
steam drum
mud drum
firebox
superheater

44
Q

_______ is the section of a boiler where the burners are located and the ______ heat transfer occurs

A

firebox

9-10 POD (4 decks)

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