13-14

Question 1

this system provides the means to measure, compare, analyze and correct one or more process variables

Answer 1

instrument system

Question 2

these are the current, varying process conditions which are monitored and controlled.

Answer 2

process variables

Question 3

Name the 5 commonly controlled variables

Answer 3

temperature (thermocouple)
pressure (d/p cell)
level
flow (orifice disk)
analytical data - pH meters, Viscosity meters etc

Question 4

devices in direct contact with a process variable that needs to be measured and transmit a signal or value to another instrument

Answer 4

sensors

Question 5

a collection of instruments that work together to monitor and automatically control a process

Answer 5

control loop

Question 6

in a control loop a process variable is measured by a ______ which is converted by a ______ or _________ to a proportional pneumatic or electronic signal that represents the process.

Answer 6

sensor, transducer, transmitter

Question 7

some different process variables that sensors are used to monitor may include

Answer 7

temperature, vibrations, speed, pressure, and UV light

Question 8

this receives a signal from a transducer and transmits it to the controller

Answer 8

transmitter

Question 9

these are devices that ensure a value is positioned properly in reference to the signal from the controller

Answer 9

positioners

Question 10

are electronic, pneumatic, or hydraulic devices that move control equipment, typically a valve of some sort. They can be designed for linear or rotary motion.

Answer 10

actuators

Question 11

describe the 3 states of hydrocarbons

Answer 11

< 4 carbon atoms typically gas
5 - 19 carbon atoms typically liquid
> 20 carbon atoms they are solids
***@ ambient temp and pressure

Question 12

is the process by which a liquid mixture is separated using boiling points into two or more substances or components (each having their own boiling point)

Answer 12

distillation

Question 13

the boiling point of any mixture depends on the bp of individual _______ in the mixture, the ________ of each in the mixture, and the _____ exerted on the mixture.

Answer 13

hydrocarbons, proportion, pressure

Question 14

is a process where a mixture is fed into a system and different product streams are continuously removed

Answer 14

continuous distillation

Question 15

when process feed or charge stream contains three or more elements to be distilled/seperated; is typically the initial distillation which happens in refineries

Answer 15

multi-component

Question 16

when process flow contains two elements to be distilled/separated; is typically the second distillation column in refineries where products are pulled and quality specifications must be met

Answer 16

binary

Question 17

a curve indicated on a graph of the pressure developed by pure component liquids are various temperatures

Answer 17

vapor pressure curve

Question 18

the heavy ends material collected at the bottom of the distillation column will move down the column as a liquid and usually has the highest boiling temperature

Answer 18

tower bottoms

Question 19

the entry point or feed tray

Answer 19

flash zone

Question 20

places along the tower within a specific temperature range from which product is removed; used when more than two product streams result from the process, such as crude oil distillation

Answer 20

cut points

Question 21

boiling occurs when the temperature is __________ or when the pressure is _________

Answer 21

increased, lowered

Question 22

standards used to measure the heaviness or density of a hydrocarbon

Answer 22

API gravities

Question 23

a table that explains or defines all the information on a drawing, may include symbols, abbreviations, numbers, tolerances, etc

Answer 23

legend

Question 24

shows the entire process and how the different systems within the unit relate to each other. A simpler drawing

Answer 24

block flow diagram (BFD)

Question 25

pictorially describes through the use of symbols, the actual process, including the major process equipment and instrumentation (used ~90% of the time)

Answer 25

process flow diagram (PFD) or large control diagram (LCD)